Chapter Three
Software
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Fundamentals of Information Technology
Outline
?File Format File Extension
Graphics .jpg , .png , .gif
Sound .mp3 , .wma , .ogg
Text .txt , .doc
Video .mpg , .avi , .divx
Programs .exe , .com , .bat
Program Code .c , .java , .cs , .py
File Extension
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1.This is
different from proprietary software like Windows, which can only be modified by the
company that owns it. The advantages of Linux are :
o It is free
o There are many different distributions--or versions--you can choose from
Linux
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Mobile devices such as phones, tablet computers, and MP3 players are different from
desktop and laptop computers, so they run operating systems that are designed specifically
for mobile devices.Some of the specific versions
include:
o macOS 13 Ventura (released in 2018)
o macOS 12 (Monterey) (2021)
o macOS 11 (Big Sur) (2020)
macOS
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Linux (pronounced LINN-ux) is a family of open-source operating systems, which
means they can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world.Examples of mobile operating systems include:
o Apple iOS
o Google Android
Operating systems for mobile devices generally aren't as fully featured as those made for
desktop and laptop computers, and they aren't able to run all of the same software.Examples of
browsers include:
o Mozilla Firefox
o Google Chrome
o Safari
o Opera
Application Software
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Media players: If you want to listen
to MP3s or watch movies you've
downloaded, you'll need to use a media
player.Faculty of Information Technology - Computer Science Department 3
o Operating system (e.g., Windows, Mac OS X)
o Device drivers
o Diagnostic and maintenance tools (e.g., Disk
Cleanup)
System
software
o Used by users to perform tasks on the
computer
Application
software
Main Categories of Software
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An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer .Shareware have three types:
o Nagware: software keeps reminding the user to purchase the full version
o Crippleware: software that works with limited functionality until the user purchases it
o Freemium: software with a free tier and paid tier
?Graphical user interface (GUI)
o User performs tasks using the
software's graphical elements (e.g.,
windows, pointers, icons, menus).However, you can still do a lot of things with them, like
o Watch movies
o Browse the web
o Manage your calendar
o Play games
Operating Systems for Mobile Devices
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The file format is the structure of a file that tells a program how to display its contents, where
each program encodes files in its own way.Types of Software
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There are two kinds of user interface:
o Command line interface (CLI)
o Graphical user interface (GUI)
Key difference is that a CLI is text-based while a GUI graphically-based
User Interfaces
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?The three
most common operating systems for personal computers are:
o Microsoft Windows
o macOS
o Linux
Modern operating systems use a graphical user interface (GUI).E.g., MP3
File Formats
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File extension is used by the operating system to determine a file's format.Command line interface (CLI)
o User enters text commands to
perform tasks.System Software - OS
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Your computer's operating system (OS) manages all of the software and hardware on
the computer .A GUI lets you use your mouse to
click icons, buttons, and menus, and everything is clearly displayed on the screen using a combination
of graphics and text.Microsoft Windows
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macOS (previously called OS X) is a line of operating systems created by Apple.Open-source Software is computer software whose source code is available openly on the internet
and programmers can modify it to add new features and capabilities without any cost.Applications for desktop or laptop computers are
sometimes called desktop applications, while those for mobile devices are
called mobile apps.o User can perform tasks and interact with the hardware through software.Hard Disk
Software is Loaded
Read / Write
CPU executes instruction
What is Software?Shareware : User has a trial period in which to evaluate the software and purchase it if they want.Application Software Faculty of Information Technology - Computer Science Department 2
Software is instructions that tell a computer what to do. Also, known as programs or
applications.o Loaded from secondary memory into primary memory, where it is executed by the CPU.Examples: Microsoft Office, Adobe
Acrobat.E.g., HTML, PDF
o Proprietary
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