"This slide focuses on the three value categories in Value Stream Mapping (VSM). First, value-added activities are those that directly enhance customer satisfaction or meet their needs, such as product assembly or service delivery. Next, non-value-added activities consume resources without adding value, often identified as waste, such as rework or unnecessary inspections. Lastly, necessary non-value-added activities, though not creating value, are essential under current constraints like regulatory compliance or safety checks."