The Rise of Western Civilization and Islamic Gunpowder Empires
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The 16th Century: A Transformative Era
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The 16th century is recognized as a pivotal time for the rise of Western civilization alongside the age of Islamic gunpowder empires, marked by significant cultural and scientific advancements.Highlight
Cultural Flourishing Under Mughal Rule
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Akbar's expansion efforts resulted in a stable economy that fostered commercial growth and cultural patronage significantly impacting Indian historyCopy
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Ottoman Empire Expansion Amidst Regional Turmoil
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The Ottoman Empire expanded under its sultan while contending with a resurgent Persia characterized by Shiite Islam under Safavid rule.Copy
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Scientific Revolution Challenges Traditional Views
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Copernicus introduced the heliocentric model of the universe, which faced strong opposition from established beliefs upheld by Ptolemy and Aristotle.Copy
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This era established mercantilism as a dominant economic theory, viewing economic interactions as zero-sum games that spurred intra-European conflicts.Copy
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Tycho Brahe's observations of a supernova in 1572 challenged the notion of celestial spheres, contributing to major revolutions in astronomy.