A region of strategic and economic importance to China.The first chapter was entitled (A Geographical Overview of East Turkestan), which dealt with the geographical location of the region, the area it occupied, the administrative divisions that occurred, the most important cities that emerged in East Turkestan, the terrain conditions, the rivers that emerged in China, the plains and deserts, the nature of the climate there, in addition to the ethnic composition and the language used by them.It also included (East Turkestan under Chinese Rule 1949-1966), which dealt with Chinese control from 1949-1955, followed by the fall of the Chinese Republic and the establishment of the People's Republic of China led by Mao Zedong, and the declaration of Burhan Shahidi as the Governor-General of East Turkestan.For a long time, China has sought to control East Turkestan, also known today as Xinjiang, which is part of Greater Turkestan, the homeland of the Uyghur ethnic group and the original homeland of the Turks.It was a subject of dispute between China and Russia until it was divided into two regions, the western one known as West Turkestan, and the eastern one, known as East Turkestan.The year 1976 was chosen as the end of the research because it was the year in which Mao Zedong died and in which China partially stopped claiming its legitimate rights.It dealt with the fall of the Manchu Empire and the establishment of the Chinese Republic led by (Sun Yat-sen).