Introduction
, Water consist 60% of the body Wt ; 2/3 is Intra-Cellular Fluid ( ICF ) * .weakness , confusion , and ocular palsy in severe cases Types & Causes : A) Hypo-osmotic Hypo-natremia ( most common type ) & Hypo-volemic ( due to Extra-renal loss like Vomiting & Diarrhea -
Burns , when Urine Na10 mmol/L ) or ( due to Renal loss like in & Interstitial Nephritis & Obstructive Nephropathy & Proximal RTA PCKD & Diuretics & Aldosterone Def.while 1/3 is Extra-Cellular Fluid ( ECF ) Extra-Cellular Fluid ( ECF ) subdivided into Interstitial Fluid ( 75% ) * .and Intra-Vascular Fluid ( 25% , 5L Blood )
, The primary Cations ( Positively charged ) include Sodium ( Na+ ) * Potassium ( K+ ) , Calcium ( Ca2+ ) , Magnesium ( Mg2+ ) ; whereas , the Anions ( Negatively charged ) are include Chloride ( Cl- ) .collecting ducts under control of aldosterone hormone +For Sodium ( Na+ ) assessment in suspected cases of low or high Na * we need to check Serum Na+ & Plasma Osmolality & Urine Na+ to .Lungs & kidneys are regulators of water & electrolytes & pH *
Sodium ( Na+ )
.ICF are ( K+ , Mg2+ , phosphates , protein ) .