Public space refers to areas accessible to the public, such as parks, plazas, and streets. Nature reserves are protected areas for the conservation of natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and ecological processes. Civic engagement involves citizens' participation in community decision-making. Placemaking is a collaborative process of creating public spaces that promote community and enhance quality of life. Smart growth emphasizes sustainability, livability, and economic vitality. Integrated Water Resources Management involves a coordinated approach to managing water resources, considering social, economic, and environmental factors. Housing affordability ensures residents' access to suitable and reasonably priced housing options. Green building practices minimize environmental impact in design and construction. Urban design encompasses the arrangement and design of buildings, public spaces, and other urban elements. Community development focuses on improving economic, social, and environmental conditions within a community. Urban agriculture involves growing food within urban areas, including rooftop gardens and community farms. Economic development initiatives stimulate economic growth and improve community well-being. Civic amenities are public facilities and services that enhance the quality of life in a community. Community engagement involves residents and stakeholders in planning and decision-making. Placemaking aims to create public spaces that enhance quality of life and foster a sense of community. Social Equity ensures fair access to resources and opportunities for all residents. Place attachment represents the emotional connection and sense of belonging individuals have with a place. Suburbanization describes the process of population movement from central cities to suburban areas. Smart City utilizes technology and data to enhance urban living and efficiency. Green roofs are vegetation-covered roof systems providing environmental benefits and energy efficiency. Urban Greening involves adding green spaces and vegetation to urban environments. A greenbelt is a protected area of open land, often surrounding or adjacent to urban areas, preserved for conservation, recreation, or agricultural purposes. Economic sectors refer to distinct areas of an economy with similar business activities or functions. The economy is typically divided into three main sectors: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary. Environmental impact assessment evaluates the potential environmental consequences of a project before approval. An impact fee is a charge levied on developers to cover the costs of public infrastructure necessitated by new development. Regulations are authoritative rules or directives made and maintained by an authority to control or govern conduct. In territorial planning, regulations are laws or policies established by government entities to manage and guide land use, development, and environmental conservation. These regulations aim to ensure orderly growth, protect public health and safety, preserve the environment, and promote the community's general welfare. Green building refers to the design, construction, and operation of buildings using environmentally sustainable practices and materials, often aiming to minimize energy consumption and environmental impact. Site selection involves choosing a location for a particular project or development, often based on factors like access, infrastructure, environmental suitability, and market demand. Site analysis assesses a specific location or property to understand its physical, environmental, and regulatory characteristics, often conducted as part of the planning process. Site assessment evaluates a property or site to identify potential environmental contamination or hazards, often conducted as part of due diligence for real estate transactions or development projects. Housing affordability refers to the accessibility and affordability of housing for households at various income levels, often influenced by factors such as housing prices, wages, and housing policies. Permitting refers to the process of obtaining official permission or approval to do something, typically through the issuance of a permit. This often involves regulatory procedures and compliance with certain standards or laws, such as building permits or environmental permits. Openspace refers to land that is not developed with buildings or infrastructure and is often preserved for recreational use, conservation, or aesthetic purposes. Open spaces can include parks, greenbelts, nature reserves, and agricultural land. An ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. It encompasses all living things (plants, animals, microorganisms) in a particular area, as well as the non-living components (such as air, water, and mineral soil) that interact with the living organisms. Resilience refers to the ability to recover quickly from difficulties or adapt to significant challenges or changes. In ecological terms, resilience refers to the capacity of an ecosystem to withstand disturbances and still maintain its essential functions and structure. A watershed is an area of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas. It includes all the land and waterways that drain into a particular body of water, such as a river, lake, or ocean. Watersheds are crucial for managing water resources and understanding the flow of water within a region. Accessibility refers to the ease with which people can reach, use, or understand something. It often pertains to the design of environments, products, and services to be usable by all people, including those with disabilities. In a broader context, it can also refer to the availability of resources or information. A neighborhood is a geographically localized community within a larger city, town, or suburb. It is characterized by a sense of identity and often includes residential areas, local businesses, schools, and other community facilities. Neighborhoods can be defined by social, cultural, or economic characteristics.