Leflunomide was purchased from Qingdao Franken Biochem Co. (Qingdao, China).Fetal bovine serum (FBS), (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium) (DMEM), trypsin/EDTA, and Penicillin streptomycin, were purchased from Lonza company, Switzerland.PeceolVR (glyceryl monooleate) was kindly provided of by Gattefosse (Lyon, France).PoloxamerVR 407 was purchased from BASF chemical company (Ludwigshafen, Germany).Oleic acid was bought from El- Nasr Pharmaceutical (Cairo, Egypt).All other chemicals were of analyt- ical grade.