Chapter One 
Scientific Article 
Is a scientific article that reports the methods and results of an original scientific study 
performed by the authors.The introduction section of 
your research paper should include the following: 
o General introduction 
o Problem definition 
o Gaps in the literature 
o Problems solution 
o Aims & objectives 
o Significance and advantages of your work 
The literature review 
The literature review section of your research paper should include the following: 
o Previous literature 
o Limitations of previous research 
o Research questions 
o Research to be explored 
o Previous literature 
The literature review shows that __ 
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Badji Mokhtar Annaba University Department of Biology Dr. NEDJAI RADHIA
Previous research showed __ 
Previous studies have shown __ 
Several studies suggest that __ 
Prior research suggests that __ 
Most early studies as well as current work focus on __ Some authors have also suggested that __ 
This has been discussed by a great number of authors in literature.This question has 
previously never been addressed because__ In previous studies were limited to __ 
These are previously unstudied because __ 
As far as we know, no previous research has investigated __ 
Research questions 
The study addresses several further questions on __ 
Some of the interesting questions in this context are __ 
The question now is how __ can be used to explain __ 
Study addresses the research question __ 
In order to properly address this question, we __ 
An important question associated with __ is __ 
A critical open question is whether __ 
A still unsolved question is whether __ 
This remains an open question as __ 
This question has previously never been addressed because __ 
Many questions remain unanswered __ 
This was an important question to study as __ 
7.Chaicago with Chicago style
Hadadi, Amina, Ali Imessaoudene, Jean Claude Bollinger, Aymen Amine Assadi, Abdeltif 
Amrane, and Lotfi Mouni.Page 6 of 36
Badji Mokhtar Annaba University Department of Biology Dr. NEDJAI RADHIA
a. Figures 
All figures in the scientific article should have a concise noun title and a concise explanatory 
caption.Page 7 of 36
Badji Mokhtar Annaba University Department of Biology Dr. NEDJAI RADHIA
The Advantages of a Constant Style of References 
The advantages of having a constant style within a journal is: 
o the ease of reading the references at the end of each article 
o the ease of finding reference parts by the reader if he/she is used to the format and plans to 
look up the reference.Comparison of Four Plant-Based Bio-Coagulants Performances against Alum and 
Ferric Chloride in the Turbidity Improvement of Bentonite Synthetic Water.Additionally, the methods of statistical analysis should be clearly identified, and any 
statistical software programs used in the study should be appropriately cited.For novel methods, a detailed description is required, while well?established methods can be briefly summarized or referenced appropriately.Reference with APA style 
Hadadi, A., Imessaoudene, A., Bollinger, J. C., Assadi, A. A., Amrane, A., & Mouni, L. 
(2022). The kind of study may vary (it could be an experiment, survey, interview, or any other kind of 
studies), but in all cases, raw data have been collected and analyzed by the authors, and 
conclusions are drawn from the results of that analysis.o Corresponding author role: Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages 
of refereeing and publication, also post-publication.Introduction 
This section provides an overview of the research background, outlining the objectives and 
significance of the study in relation to existing research in the field.It was reported in literature 
that __ 
A recent study by __ concluded that __ 
Limitations of previous research 
A number of questions regarding __ remain to be addressed.c. Equations 
Equations contained in the scientific article should be prepared by equation editors, e.g., 
Microsoft Equation Editor built in Word, instead of inserted pictures.Page 4 of 36
Badji Mokhtar Annaba University Department of Biology Dr. NEDJAI RADHIA
3.2.6.8.9.11.Water, 14(20).