The growth of energy demand, particularly, in developing
countries has led to the huge requirement of fossil fuels.The algal strain selected was Chlorella vulgaris
which has a growth rate of 15 g/m2 per day having
productivity of 25%.Peer-review under responsibility of the scientifi c committee of the 25th CIRP Life Cycle Engineering (LCE) Conference 
 Smita Raghuvanshi et al. / Procedia CIRP 69 ( 2018 ) 568 - 572 569
(GWP) from Chlorella Vulgaris grown in raceways are nearly
85% and 78% which are lower than the fossil derived diesel.The system boundary includes cultivation,
harvesting, lipid extraction, conversion, and disposal and
excludes labor, transport infrastructure, capital machinery, or
combustion of biodiesel.Ferreira et al [6]
have carried out the detailed life cycle analysis for energy
consumption and CO2 emission from Nannochloropsis
species using a bio refinery method and cradle to grave
approach.Handler et al [7] have studied the life cycle assessment of
algal based bio fuels and chose 1 MJ of fuel produced as a
functional unit.This assessment has covered cultivation,
harvesting, dewatering, milling, lipid and pigment extraction
and also has shown leftover biomass to H2 production.This work discusses the life
cycle assessment studies for biodiesel production using algae
grown in fresh water and wastewater in order to show the
sustainability of scaled up processes.Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).The results indicate that
GHG emissions are higher for fossil fuels and gave insights
for other wastewater sources to be used for algae growth.Algae are autotrophs that utilize CO2 and sunlight through
photosynthesis to produce biodiesel and other bio fuels [1].The
biodiesel production follows the following steps: cultivation
of microalgae, flocculation, centrifugation, extraction, and
transesterification [2].Clarens et al [3] have carried out the life cycle
comparative studies of bio-energy feed stocks from algae.Stephenson et al [4]
carried out the life cycle assessment of algal biodiesel
production using Chlorella Vulgaris.Most of the literature for the production of biodiesel from
algae has used pure algal strain and pure CO2 for the
cultivation of algae and LCA boundaries.The results show cumulative energy
demand, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, water use,
eutrophication, direct land requirements, etc.2.