Cultural Control: Early harvesting and orchard sanitation (removing fallen fruit, pruning) reduce breeding grounds and limit fly populations.

•Biological Control: Natural enemies like the parasitic wasp Psyttalia concolor and sterile insect techniques (SIT) are used to control the fly population without chemicals.

•Chemical Control: Targeted bait sprays are preferred over widespread insecticide use to minimize environmental impact and reduce the risk of resistance.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM): IPM combines cultural, biological, and chemical methods to create a sustainable, balanced dpproach to pest control.