Leflunomide was purchased from Qingdao Franken Biochem Co. (Qingdao, China).Fetal bovine serum (FBS), (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium) (DMEM), trypsin/EDTA, and Penicillin streptomycin, were purchased from Lonza company, Switzerland.PeceolVR (glyceryl monooleate) was kindly provided of by Gattefosse (Lyon, France).