The International Criminal Court 
The concept of international justice was introduced for practical application 
for the first time after World War II, with the emergence of the principle of 
prosecuting mass crimes.Aggression is defined as: 
"The planning, preparation, initiation, or execution by a person in a leadership 
position capable of controlling or directing the political or military action of a 
state, of an act of aggression which, by its character, gravity, and scale, 
constitutes a manifest violation of the Charter of the United Nations." The act of aggression is defined as "the use of armed force by a state against 
the sovereignty, territorial integrity, or political independence of another state, 
or in any other manner inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations."(h) Persecution against any identifiable group or collectivity on political, 
racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender grounds, or other 
grounds universally recognized as impermissible under international law, 
in connection with any act referred to in this paragraph or any crime 
within the jurisdiction of the Court; 
9.Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group 
Crimes Against Humanity: 
Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court stipulates that 
any of the following acts, when committed as part of a widespread or 
systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of 
the attack, shall constitute a crime against humanity: 
1.These violations include acts committed against persons 
not actively participating in hostilities, such as members of armed forces who 
have laid down their arms or those rendered hors de combat due to sickness, 
wounds, detention, or any other cause.The ICC does not recognize international criminal immunity, regardless of the 
status of state leaders before it. It addresses crimes such as genocide, crimes 
against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.Genocide Crime: 
Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of 
Genocide, adopted on December 9, 1948, defines genocide as any of the 
following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, 
ethnical, racial, or religious group: 
1.The UN General Assembly Resolution 3314 further defines the crime of 
aggression and clarifies its legal scope under Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute.This solidified the 
international community's conviction of the need for international courts and 
judges to prosecute and hold accountable those responsible for gross violations 
of human rights.As previously mentioned, the United Nations General Assembly adopted 
Resolution No. 52/160 in 1997, calling for the establishment of a permanent 
court within a specified period not exceeding five years from July 17, 1998.War Crimes: 
(a) Grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949: 
These are acts committed against persons or property protected under the 
provisions of the relevant Geneva Conventions.(g) Rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, 
enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence of comparable 
gravity; 
8.(b) Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in 
international armed conflicts: 
These violations fall within the established framework of international law.The Crime of Aggression: 
According to Article 5(2) of the Rome Statute, the International Criminal Court 
(ICC) may exercise jurisdiction over the crime of aggression once a provision 
defining the crime and setting out conditions for jurisdiction is adopted.However, it wasn't until 
after the end of the Cold War that the establishment of temporary international 
criminal tribunals by some countries became feasible.(e) Imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in 
violation of fundamental rules of international law; 
6.(c) In cases of armed conflict not of an international character (non
international armed conflicts): 
This refers to serious violations of Article 3, common to the four Geneva 
Conventions of 1949.(d) Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in armed 
conflicts not of an international character, falling under established 
international law.Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; 
5.(d) Deportation or forcible transfer of population; 
5.