A Khedive, who was from the same family as 
Muhammad Ali, ruled Egypt in name as of 1882.Raised as a member of the Turkish nobility, he stopped speaking Arabic at  best, preferring to speak French at home while referring to most of his  Egyptian subjects as "cretins." The King was given wide sweeping powers that left him a near-absolute monarch. In general elections, the nationalist Wafd party was brought to 
power in 1924, and Saad Zaghlul was made Prime Minister. While he and the king did not like each other, their political battles kept Egyptian politics still passed down somewhat: Zaghlul might call the crowds into the streets and push  the king's hand.The king, however, remained securely in power until his  death in 1927, and used the institutions of Egyptian political life to serve his  own interests. The English were still in large numbers in Egypt, and it was during this time  that they invented such derogatory words as "wog" (which stands for "good oriental gentlemen," but is in reality an insult).The key activists organized  into a collective called the Wafd, meaning "delegation," which was headed by Saad Zaghlul, a politician who was a Lord Cromer acquaintance .They  organized marches and also worked vigorously against the British. Many of them have been arrested, and deported, including Saad Zaghlul. The Egyptians responded aggressively, taking to the streets and burning  associated British houses. Widespread strikes, riots and 
terrorism hampered the country. The British eventually decided to pull out in 
1922 and give freedom to Egypt under some terms.The British put four  conditions on Egypt which, given their independence, almost amounted to  some form of underhanded control of the region. First, the British could control Egyptian foreign policy, and compel Egypt to go to war to defend British  interests (i.e., the Suez Canal). Second, the British were responsible for the administration of the Canal, which was formally known as "the protection of the British Empire 's  communications."The British participated in     cross-cultural practices such as removing the Egyptians  from their clubs, and taking off the fezzes for competition from "wogs." King Fuad died in 1936, and his son Farouk came to power when he was 16  years old. At first, he was not too happy with the British 
who were still in the country putting restrictions on his strength. Egypt should have been independent, and the king should be independent too.However, when World War Two erupted a few years later his will was tested. The British, fearing that King Farouk (whom the British diplomat then called  "the boy") was about to name a prime minister 
 pro-Axis in 1942, took steps to change the king's mind.Although the 1973 war has been recorded as a victory for the Israelis by  history, the Egyptian spirits have been dramatically lifted by the fact that their troops successfully crossed the Suez Canal and that, at the end of the war, a peace settlement was negotiated in which the Israelis agreed to return the  Sinai to Egypt.In villages across Egypt, an outcry of public  sentiment against occupation went up. Liberals controlled the British  Parliament now,  and they allowed the formation of an elected Egyptian Parliament.The influx of new people has created massive shortages: food prices have risen, rationing has been  implemented and famine has erupted.At the end of the war, Egyptian leaders have gone to London to demand the British quickly withdraw.Since then, Mubarak has been the president and has peacefully taken measures to eliminate Egypt from economic misery and address any of its social issues, while taking precautions not to offend or  alienate the secularists or the Islamists.The new quarters of the city grew into vast blocks of apartment buildings.Two new parts were added to Cairo: Maadi was built as an  exclusive  European enclave to the south shortly after the turn of the century, and  Heliopolis was built to the northeast in the 1910s.Then Egypt was formally proclaimed a British protectorate and the 
Turks, Germans, and AustroHungarians living there were forced into  internment camps.The khedive had been deposed in favor of 
his uncle, Hussein Kamil, who was declared Egyptian sultan.