Incretin Mimetics

Incretin effect is the difference in insulin secretory response from an oral glucose load in comparison to glucose administered intravenously.Incretins decrease gastric emptying and causes weight loss.The two naturally occurring incretin hormones that play important roles in the maintenance of glycemic control: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP, or incretin) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1); these peptides have a short half-life, as these are rapidly hydrolyzed by DPP-4 inhibitors within 1 1/2  min.Clinical data have revealed that these therapies improve glycemic control while reducing body weight (specifically, GLP-1 receptor agonists) and systolic blood pressure in patients with T2DM (36).