?The von Neumann architecture continues to significantly influence today's computer design and operation in several key ways:

?1.This modular design enables more complex and efficient processing.- **Operating Systems and Applications**: The von Neumann model's stored program concept allows operating systems to manage and coordinate applications effectively, with the system software providing a layer between hardware and user applications.Modern systems use virtual addressing and paging to extend and manage memory efficiently, but the underlying concept of addressable memory remains rooted in von Neumann principles.**Modular CPU Design**: The separation of the CPU into components like the control unit and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) from the von Neumann architecture informs modern CPU design.?Overall, while modern computers have introduced advanced features and architectural improvements (such as parallel processing and the Harvard architecture), the foundational concepts of the von Neumann architecture continue to shape and influence computer design and operation today.**Sequential Processing**: The architecture's model of sequential instruction execution informs how CPUs are designed to fetch, decode, and execute instructions one at a time.**Program Counter and Instruction Pipeline**: The von Neumann architecture's use of a program counter to track instruction execution influences the design of instruction pipelines in modern CPUs.**Stored Program Concept**: Storing programs in memory as data has led to the development of dynamic software environments and versatile programming languages.?The von Neumann architecture influences basic components and system layering in these ways:

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