Raising children and their basic needs Introduction: Caring for children is complicated and important work.With increased personal responsibility for one's personal life, and with a rational set of values to guide one's choosing, people would begin to actively change the society in which they lived". The expanded hierarchy of needs It is important to note that Maslow's (1943, 1954) five-stage model has been expanded to include cognitive and aesthetic needs and later transcendence needs MASLOW'S MOTUATION MODEL Changes to the original five-stage model are highlighted and include a seven-stage model and an eight-stage model; both developed during the 1960's and 1970s. 1. Biological and physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc. 2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, etc. Raising children and their basic needs 3. Love and belongingness needs friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work). 4. Esteem needs (i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige). 5. Cognitive needs - knowledge and understanding, curiosity, exploration, need for meaning and predictability. 6. Aesthetic needs - appreciation and search for beauty, balance, form, etc. 7. Self-actualization needs - realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. 8- Transcendence needs - A person is motivated by values which transcend beyond the personal self (e.g., mystical experiences, service to others, the pursuit of science, religious faith, etc.). trust, and dating. Rairing children and their basic neede The specific form that these needs will take will vary greatly from person to person. In one individual it may take the form of the desire to be an ideal mother, in another it may be expressed athletically, and another it may be expressed in painting pictures or in inventions'. Educational applications Maslow's (1962) hierarchy of needs theory has made a major contribution to teaching and classroom management in schools. Rather than reducing behavior to a response in the environment, Maslow looks at the complete physical, emotional, social, and intellectual qualities of an individual and how they impact on W learning. He looked at the biographies and writings of 18 people he identified as being self-actualized. From these sources, he developed a list of qualities that seemed characteristic of this specific group of people Raising children and their basic needs From a scientific perspective, there are numerous problems with this particular approach. First, the biographical analysis as a method is extremely subjective as it is based entirely on the opinion of the researcher. Personal opinion is always prone to bias, which reduces the validity of any data obtained. Therefore Maslow's operational definition of self. actualization must not be blindly accepted as scientific fact. Second. Maslow's biographical analysis focused on a biased sample of self-actualized individuals, prominently limited to highly educated white males (such as Thomas Jefferson, Albert Einstein, William James, Beethoven). Although Maslow (1970) did study self-actualized females, comprised a small proportion of his sample. This makes it difficult to generalize his theory to females and individuals from lower social classes or different ethnicity. Thus questioning the population validity of Maslow's findings. Third, it is extremely difficult to empirically test Maslow's concept of self-actualization in a way that causal relationships can be established. The fourth criticism Maslow's assume that "the lower needs must be satisfied before a person can achieve his potential and self-actualize.Maslow (1987) also pointed out that most behavior is multi-motivated and noted that "any behavior tends to be determined by several or all of the basic needs simultaneously rather than by only one of them" Raising children and their basic needs Discuss the following sentences with examples from Maslow view a) Needs human beings are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, b) Needs are organized in a hierarchy which more basic needs must be more or less met (rather than all or none) prior to higher needs. c) The order of needs is not rigid but instead may be flexible based on external circumstances or individual differences. d) Most behavior is multi-motivated, that is, simultaneously determined by more than one basic need. Educational applications Before a student's cognitive needs can be met, they must first Jo fulfill their basic physiological needs. For example, a tired and hungry student will find it difficult to focus on learning. Students need to feel emotionally and physically safe and Som accepted within the classroom to progress and reach their full Pite potential. Students must be shown that they are valued and respected in the classroom, and the teacher should create a supportive traurenvironment. ed Students with a low self-esteem will not progress academically at an optimum rate until their self-esteem is strengthened. sing child and their basic needi A humanistic educational approach would develop people who are "stronger, healthier, and would take their own lives into their hands to a greater extent.At once other (and "higher") needs emerge and these, rather than physiological hungers, dominate the organism... And when these in turn are satisfied, again new (and still "higher") needs emerge and so on. This is what we mean by saying that the basic human needs are organized into a hierarchy " Maslow continued to refine his theory based on the concept of a hierarchy of needs over several decades Maslow (1987) proposed that the order in the hierarchy "is not nearly as rigid" as he may have implied in his earlier description.Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work), Esteem needs - which Maslow classified into two categories: (i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige).This is not always the case, et st Through examining cultures in which large numbers of people live in poverty (such as India), it is clear that people are still capable of higher order needs such as love and belongingness Many creative people, such as authors and artists who arrive to self-actualization lived in poverty throughout their lifetime.Maslow (1943) initially stated that individuals must satisfy lower level deficit needs before progressing on to meet higher level growth needs.The goal of this course is to provide support for child care professionals by providing information that will enable you to establish a warm and nurturing environment for all of the children in your care.Motivation decreases as needs are met Love/belonging Safety Prysiological Being (growth) Needs Deficiency Needs ???????????????????????????????????????????