Bond type
The ionization energy required to produce M5+ is so immense that it never occurs.A coordination number of 4 is obtained by
donating this long pair to another atom or ion, for
example in the ammonium ion.Outer electronic structure of group V elements
BiO
Bi3+
H2O
HCl
The three unpaired electrons form bonds with
three other atoms, and the resultant molecule is
tetrahedral with one position occupied by a lone
pair.Fluorine is the only element which gives a large enough electronegativity
difference to permit ionic bonds, and SbF3 and BiF3 exist as ionic solids.3.