In "On Intersemiotic Transposition" Cluver explicates his 
application of semiotic principles. By relying on Roman Jakobson and by 
invoking Nelson Goodman's and Wendy Steiner's work, he postulates the
following: "Literature as a semiotic system is as weakly or strongly 
determined as painting, and as subject to fluctuations.The meaning of a 
poem is no more self-evident and unambiguous than that of a pictorial 
text ... If we accept the idea that an English poem can be re-created as a 
Spanish poem, then we should also be able to accept that a painting can 
be translated into a poem.