.Standardization
Standardization is used to determine the exact concentration of a prepared solution. Titrations are used to determine the unknown concentrations of samples.
Standardization is an analytical technique can be used to find an unknown concentration using a primary or a secondary stander solution. The most commonly used technique for standardization of a solution is titration. For a standardization process, a standard solution is required as a reference. Standard solutions come in two types as primary standard solutions and secondary standard solutions. 
A standard solution is a solution of accurately known concentration which can be prepared by dissolving a primary standard in a suitable solvent (such as distilled water). The primary standard is a soluble solid compound that is very pure, with a consistent formula that does not change on exposure to the atmosphere, and has a relatively high molar mass.
Primary standard solution
A primary standard solution must:
1.	Be pure (99% pure)
2.	Be very stable (i.e. not react with other chemicals)
3.	Be readily available and inexpensive
4.	Not change its size (i.e. solid primary standards) if exposed to air
5.	Be very large in size (mass) to help minimize weighing errors
Secondary standard solution 
A secondary standard is a chemical or reagent which has certain properties such as. (a) It has less purity than primary standard. 
(b)	Less stable and more reactive than primary standard.
(c)	But its solution remains stable for a long time
Titration
Titration is an analytical technique can be used to determine the concentration of a certain chemical species in a solution. Titration can be carry out using a solution has a known concentration.
Titrations can be classified as:
•	Acid-base Titrations.
•	Redox Titrations. Oxidation – reduction reaction 
•	Precipitation Titrations.
•	Complexometric Titrations
The main difference between standardization and titration:-
Standardization vs. Titration
	Standardization	Titration
Definition	Standardization is an analytical	Titration is an analytical technique used to find an	technique used to determine the unknown concentration using a	concentration of a certain primary or secondary standard	chemical species in a solution. solution.
Solution in	Contains the primary or	Contains	 	a	 	standardized burette	secondary stander solution	solution
Solution in	Contains the solution to be	Contains the solution in which titration flask	standardized 	needed	 	to	 	find	 	the concentration
	Application	Used  to standardize solution 	Used to find unknown
concentration of solutes or solution.
Preparation and standardization of oxalic acid 
Principle
COOHCOONa
  2NaOH     2H2O COOHCOONa
Preparation of 0.1N of oxalic acid 
C2H2O4.H2O----------126/2 = 63g
  = 0.1=   = 6.3g/L = 0.1N
Preparation of stander solution of 0.1N NaOH
NaOH ------40g/L=1N
NaOH ------4g/L=0.1N Methodology 
1.	Take NaOH stander solution in the burette 
2.	Take 10ml of oxalic acid 0.1N in the Erlenmeyer flask
3.	Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein as indicator 4.	Titration is carried out by stander of 0.1NaOH solution