Intrahepatic cholestasis
The incidence of liver disease induced by TPN is higher in children than in adults and cholestasis is the most frequent TPN-related hepatic dysfunction occurring in children.TPN-IC is a liver complication that is evidenced by a rise in serum-conjugated bilirubin of 2 mg/dL or more, which may be accompanied by increases in ?-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and serum transaminase.The indication for TPN in paediatric patients is frequently a primary gastrointestinal disorder causing IF (congenital intestinal abnormalities, necrotising enterocolitis).