INTRODUCTION
The Aleppo pine (Pinus haleppensis) is the most 
common tree in Algeria and it has a very important place in 
the balance of Mediterranean ecosystems.Global warming and its effects cause stress and weaken 
the defense of fragile trees, which facilitates the 
development of species already existing in the territory and 
potentially the introduction of new species of bark beetles 
(Suarez-Vidal et al. 2019).Global warming 
and its consequences like repeated heatwaves and drought 
have a significant impact on trees and their predators, 
resulting in an increased mortality and forest decline 
(Morcillo et al. 2019).Common pests are the pine processionary caterpillars and 
bark beetles (Lieutier et al. 2016; Bao et al. 2020).