Nitrogen is an important element for plant growth and development; 
therefore, it largely determines agricultural productivity [1].Due to 
their ability to fix nitrogen cyanobacteria provide an eco-friendly 
method for reducing dependency on external sources such as eutrophi-
cation, soil degradation and greenhouse gas emissions.Cyanobacteria 
(including genetically engineered strains) that can transfer fixed nitro-
gen to host plants, and thereby reduce the need for nitrogen fertilizers, 
increase plant stress tolerance and productivity [7], Fedeson and [8].The environ-
mental problems, including eutrophication, soil quality destruction, and 
greenhouse gas emissions are associated with the depletion of nitrogen 
resources caused by the excessive use of synthetic fertilizers [6].Sustainable 
agriculture requires transformative changes, and integrating of 
cyanobacteria-based plant biotechnology appears to be a promising 
solution [2,3].