Constructivism:
Foundational Principles:

Constructivism challenges the materialist assumptions of realism and the rationalist premises of liberalism by stressing that international politics is socially constructed, originating from the works of Alexander Wendt, Nicholas Onuf, and others, constructivism holds that the meanings attached to power, interests, and even anarchy depend on intersubjective beliefs, norms, identities, and discourses.Actors are not pre-programmed rationalists; their goals, strategies, and perceptions are shaped by shared ideas and social interactions.Core Concepts:
Social Construction of Reality: Political reality is not fixed; it is formed through communication, symbols, and mutual understandings.