For a translator to be competent in working between two languages,
she needs to be aware of lexico-grammatical and pragmatic
differences and similarities between the two languages she
is dealing with in translation (see here for instance Wilss 1996).This is very different from an individual's competence
in using the source and target languages individually, this
bilingual competence is merely the starting point in the journey
towards what we may call transfer competence that lies at the heart
of translation competence.