Tissue engineering 
concept is meaning the replacement of damaged 
tissues including the skin, bones, cartilage, 
lymph nodes, blood vessels, muscles, and 
other tissues. The electrospinning process is a 
very effective method and provides a simpler 
means for manufacturing tissue scaffold mesh 
of micron- to submicron-sized fibers (Fig. 7). 
Various types of scaffolds have been generated 
for human tissue and organ regeneration, 
including bones [116], cartilage [117], arterial 
blood vessels [118], nerves [119], heart [120], etc. 
The use of electrospinning techniques to create 
nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering has 
been increased because these scaffolds positively 
enhance cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions 
with the cells having a normal phenotypic 
shape [115, 121]. The electrospun nanofibers, 
which are used in the scaffold preparation, need 
to be well prepared and must have dimension 
uniformity. In addition, other requirements such 
as large surface area, high porosity (better pore 
size distribution), perfect mechanical properties, 
biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-
toxicity to the cell are also remarkable factors 
when using electrospinning process in tissue 
engineering [122]. Both natural and synthetic 
polymers electrospun nanofibers have been used 
in making these scaffolds like collagen [47], Poly 
(lactic acid) [123], gelatin [29], polyurethane 
[61,120], poly(ε-caprolactone)/Zein [124] and 
polyamide-6,6/chitosan [46]. Natural polymers 
are often used for preparing nanofibrous scaffolds 
more than synthetic polymer, because of their 
enhanced biocompatibility and bio-functional 
concepts, such as silk protein, collagen, fibrinogen, 
alginate, hyaluronic acid, starch and chitosan [26-
28]. Generally, the aligned scaffold produced by 
electrospinning with a rotational collector exhibits 
a characteristic fiber alignment when compared to 
the random fibrous mats generated with normal 
static collector [10]