Main Focus: Stephen Walt's book Alliances in a Unipolar World does not discuss alliance ?structures directly, but it lays the groundwork for rethinking U.S. foreign policy in a multipolar ?world.?The problem that Stephen Walt is trying to solve
In his article "America is Too Afraid of the Multipolar World" (Stephen Walt 2011 p. 1), Stephen ?Walt problematizes the United States' intense resistance to the shift toward a multipolar world.? Walt argues that this adherence to unilateral hegemony is wrong and unsustainable, since:? Contrary to the trends of changing global powers: the United States is no longer the only hegemon ?in the world,? Other countries, such as China, have emerged as major competitors (Steven Walt 2011, p. 2).? It costs the United States a high price: it spends enormous sums on military spending and foreign ?interventions to maintain its hegemony, which burdens its economy and limits its ability to address ?domestic issues (Steven Walt 2011, p. 3).? It may not be effective in our time: Unilateral hegemony may not be an effective strategy in an ?interconnected, multipolar world (Steven Walt 2011, p. 4).? What Walt is trying to prove
Walt seeks to prove that:? The world is inevitably moving towards multipolarity: The shift towards a multipolar world is ?inevitable,? Driven by the rise of new powers and the decline of relative American power (Steven Walt 2011, ?p. 2).? Multipolarity is better for the United States in the long run: Contrary to popular belief,? A multipolar world will provide the United States with new opportunities for cooperation and ?trade.? It will reduce the burden of maintaining the international order on its own (Steven Walt 2011, pp. ??5-6).? The United States must adapt to a multipolar world: Instead of resisting change,? The United States must adjust its foreign policy to fit the reality of a multipolar world (Steven Walt ??2011, p. 7).? How does Walt prove his argument?? Walt supports his argument with the following evidence:? Historical evidence: refers to previous periods in history when there were multipolar systems.? Such as the interwar era and shows that these periods were not necessarily periods of instability or ?conflict (Steven Walt 2011, p. 4).? Realistic analysis: analyzes the behavior of states under multipolar systems,? He argues that states tend to cooperate and avoid conflict when there is a balance of power (Steven ?Walt 2011, pp. 4-5).? Contemporary examples: refers to real-world examples,? Such as the rise of China, to demonstrate that a multipolar world is indeed taking shape (Steven ?Walt 2011, p. 2).? Walt's recommendations and conclusions
Walt recommends that the United States take the following steps to adapt to a multipolar world ??(Steven Walt 2011, p. 7):? Accepting reality: The United States must accept that the era of unilateral hegemony is over,? And a multipolar world is the new reality.? Focus on diplomacy: Instead of relying on military force,? The United States should focus on diplomacy and cooperation with other countries.? Building strategic alliances: The United States must build strategic alliances with other countries
To face common challenges.? Investing in soft power: The United States must invest in soft power,? Such as culture and education, to enhance its influence in the world.? Walt concludes that multipolarity is not a threat to the United States, but an opportunity (Steven ?Walt 2011, p. 8).? By adapting to this new reality, the United States can preserve its interests and enhance its long-?term security and prosperity.? Reference : 
?_________? Author Name: Walt, Stephen M.? Article title: America Is Too Scared of the Multipolar World
Source name: The National Interest
Volume: 50? Number: 6? Year: 2011?? ? Walt, Stephen M. "America Is Too Scared of the Multipolar World."Highlights challenges facing the United States: Walt discusses a number of challenges that the ?United States faces in maintaining its unipolar dominance, such as increased instability, decreased ?cooperation, and normative erosion.??????The National Interest 50, no. ??6 (2011): 1-8.?