he text discusses the challenge of interpreting without taking notes, highlighting the lack of practical guidelines for students.Concerns for the dignity of the recipient: "Others were concerned less with the integrity of the donor than with the dignity of the recipient." 6. Initial skepticism and perception of ghoulishness: "At first, before Baby Fae's televised smile had beguiled skeptics, the word ghoulish was heard."Final reflection on the impact: "Indeed, it is a blow to man's idea of himself to think that a piece..."Remember to incorporate techniques learned from Chapter 2 to ensure effective communication during your presentations."In "Interpret from a Picture 2," the interpreter imagines the picture while interpreting, while in "Interpret from a Picture 3," the interpreter creates an image in their mind's eye without seeing the picture during the speech or interpretation. Additionally, the importance of structural prompts in aiding memory retention during interpretation is highlighted. Recognizing the structure of a speech, such as for, against, conclusion, helps organize information into manageable chunks, making it easier to recall. Simple structures like past, present, future are introduced as starting points for practicing this technique. The speech by Ralston can be structured according to the introduction, argument, counter-argument, and conclusion format. Here's how:


1. Introduction: Ralston introduces his research interests focused on why things float and why things get wet, using the analogy of a bottle of champagne. 2. Argument: He explains the physics and chemistry behind bubbles and particles attaching to each other, emphasizing the valuable particles rising to the surface. 3. Counter-argument: Ralston discusses his interest in understanding how liquids spread over surfaces, mentioning observations from daily life, such as water droplets on the skin after a shower. 4. Conclusion: He concludes by expressing his excitement about pushing the frontiers in fundamental research and linking fundamental ideas with industrial problems. This structure effectively organizes Ralston's speech, making it easier to follow and recall the main points during interpretation. The exercise involves each group member writing a short speech with a simple structure, such as those listed above. Before delivering their speech, each speaker announces the structure they will use. As listeners, interpreters try to associate the information with the announced structure and then interpret from memory, using the structure as a memory prompt. Initially, the exercise is conducted from mother tongue into mother tongue. Later, participants can progress to interpreting between two languages or delivering the speech without announcing the structure in advance. This exercise helps develop the ability to interpret speeches while organizing information according to a given structure, enhancing memory and interpretation skills. Let's try counting the sections of the speech on our fingers:


1. Introduction: "The placing of a baboon heart into the chest of little Baby Fae caused indignation in many quarters."One such technique is chunking, which involves grouping small bits of information into larger units or "chunks."This exercise demonstrates how logical prompts can help interpreters recall information based on its logical association within the speech structure.The example provided in the text illustrates how latent memory can be reactivated through targeted questioning.By practicing both skills simultaneously, you'll become more proficient in both areas, preparing you for real-world interpreting scenarios where both memory and presentation are crucial.External pressure from NGO campaigns, like Greenpeace, and internal recognition led to the need for business model reset.2.3.4.5.6.7.