What Is Klinefelter Syndrome Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition that can affect males as a result of the presence of an extra Klinefelter syndrome affects 1 in 650 male children.A normal person's genes consist of 46 chromosomes, two of which are sex chromosomes (XX for females and XY for males).However, this syndrome results from a defect in the stage of cell division for the formation of eggs in the mother or the formation of sperm in the father, so that the chromosomes at this stage are distributed unevenly among the eggs or sperm.The diagnosis of Klinefelter syndrome can be delayed until adulthood or later, and sometimes it may not be diagnosed at all.