As these examples show, there is a need for dynamic and real-time alignment processes between IT and busi- ness at the tactical and operational levels, such that resource allocation decisions, project selection and exe- cution priorities, and technology-choice decisions are cal- ibrated against operational and strategic business requirements from IT. Lack of such processes would likely lead to applications being wrongly configured or implemented, waste and duplication of resources, and failed projects.As a result, there is a lack of practice-based guidelines for managerial action, for accomplishing tactical alignment.Such difficulties notwithstand- ing, it has become near impossible to execute many aspects of business strategy without the development and implementation of corresponding platforms and applications from the IT side.