لخّصلي

The use of valeryl chloride and methanol for the deprotection of 1b yielded highly pure compound 2b, and subsequently compound 4b did not need to be isolated.This process does not involve chromatographic purification and reverse osmosis.The use of Pd/C (1.5 w/w based on 3b) in the hydrogenolysis of compound 4b in the Nishino method resulted in a palladium residual level of 430 ppm in 5 as well as 4 ppm in the sterile Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) 5.The magnesium chloride previously used in the catalytic hydrogenolysis of 4b evidently crystallized along with 5, and presence of the salts required separation using column chromatography, a process which is typically not favored on a commercial scale.

The use of valeryl chloride and methanol for the deprotection of 1b yielded
highly pure compound 2b, and subsequently compound 4b did not need to be isolated. The magnesium chloride previously used in the catalytic hydrogenolysis of 4b
evidently crystallized along with 5, and presence of the salts required separation
using column chromatography, a process which is typically not favored on a commercial scale. In our improved procedure, instead of using magnesium chloride, a
buffered solution was utilized thereby avoiding the complications involved in the
previous processes. The use of Pd/C (1.5 w/w based on 3b) in the hydrogenolysis of
compound 4b in the Nishino method resulted in a palladium residual level of
430 ppm in 5 as well as 4 ppm in the sterile Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient
(API) 5.
11 In our process, the residual palladium was controlled to be less than
0.75 ppm by pre-reduction of Pd (Pd/C). Some of the other processes13–18 reported
in the literature are not viable industrially or economically due to lower yields (48–
62% from 3b) and lesser purity (95–99%) of 5; in contrast, our improved process
gave crude 5 in 71% yield and purity of 99.68% a/a. The present work describes an
improved process to increase the yield and purity necessary to meet regulatory
requirements. This process does not involve chromatographic purification and reverse
osmosis. Tedious work-ups and repeated purifications for the removal of impurities
and residual metal content from 5 have been avoided to minimize cost