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Alsystem of knowledge about a second language which goes well beyond what could possibly have been taught .Patterns of recurrent elements that comprise components of L2 - specific knowledge : vocabulary ( lexicon ) , morphology ( word structure ) , phonology ( sound system ) , syntax ( grammar ) , and discourse ( ways to connect sentences and organize information ) .How to encode particular concepts in the L2 , including grammatical notions of time , number of referents , and the semantic role of elements ( e.g. whether subject or object ) .

Alsystem of knowledge about a second language which goes well beyond what could possibly have been taught . There is significant overlap with first language knowledge , especially ( 1 ) in underlying rules or principles that languages have in common and ( 2 ) in the potentials of language to make meaning . The L2 system is never exactly like the learner's L1 , however , nor is it ever exactly the same as that of its native speakers . Patterns of recurrent elements that comprise components of L2 - specific knowledge : vocabulary ( lexicon ) , morphology ( word structure ) , phonology ( sound system ) , syntax ( grammar ) , and discourse ( ways to connect sentences and organize information ) . The amount of overlap with L1 knowledge depends on the genetic or typological relationship of the two languages and on whether there has been borrowing or other influence between them . Exactly which elements are acquired within each of these components depends in large measure on learner motivation and on other circumstances of learning . How to encode particular concepts in the L2 , including grammatical notions of time , number of referents , and the semantic role of elements ( e.g. whether subject or object ) .