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there exists a gap in the spectrum of renewable energy technologies for wind energy converters (WECs) that supplement energy supply at locations with low solar radiation at reasonable costs and in line with demand in terms of time and space.In addition to retarders, mechanical heat pumps can be used for direct energy conversion , Indirect heat generation concepts still rely on electricity generation with a conventional generator and the subsequent conversion into heat.In particular, we define WTES as an innovative composition of state-of-the-art technologies, i.e. wind energy converters, thermal storage and, depending on the application, a thermal engine Due to their capability to work with high temperature heat, WTES can be potentially used for both heat and power supply.For example, WTES provide the opportunity for retrofit measures or the development of renewable alternatives to fossil-fired combined heat and power (CHP) plants.WTES describes all combinations of wind turbines with thermal storage facilities for the demand-oriented supply of electricity or heat.In this setup, WTES combine the systemic advantages of steam power plants (i.e. rotating mass) with the use of the renewable resource wind.At this temperature power reconversion with efficiencies of up to 25% can be achieved by organic rankine cycle (ORC) processes .Compared to existing power-to-heat solutions , the novelty of these concepts relies on the inclusion of on-site conversion of wind energy into heat.For example, to keep losses for electricity reconversion with thermal engines low (Carnot efficiency), the thermal energy storage needs to work with high-temperature heat (>350?C).

there exists a gap in the spectrum of renewable energy technologies for wind energy converters (WECs) that supplement energy supply at locations with low solar radiation at reasonable costs and in line with demand in terms of time and space. This gap can be filled by Wind Powered Thermal Energy Systems (WTES). WTES describes all combinations of wind turbines with thermal storage facilities for the demand-oriented supply of electricity or heat. Compared to existing power-to-heat solutions , the novelty of these concepts relies on the inclusion of on-site conversion of wind energy into heat. In particular, we define WTES as an innovative composition of state-of-the-art technologies, i.e. wind energy converters, thermal storage and, depending on the application, a thermal engine
Due to their capability to work with high temperature heat, WTES can be potentially used for both heat and power supply. This ultimately results in a very broad spectrum of conceivable WTES implementation concepts. For example, WTES provide the opportunity for retrofit measures or the development of renewable alternatives to fossil-fired combined heat and power (CHP) plants. In this setup, WTES combine the systemic advantages of steam power plants (i.e. rotating mass) with the use of the renewable resource wind. The central element of WTES is the thermal energy storage. Its purpose is to balance intermittent heat generation and demand. Available technologies are latent heat storage, thermochemical storage and systems for storing sensitive heat. Today's commercial systems store high-temperature heat in bulk materials made of natural materials such as granite or basalt with air as the heat transport and heat transfer medium. For WTES, the size of the Heat Generation & Storage Wind Energy Heat Eletricity Converter WTES Supply storage is crucial since it defines possible operation strategies. Therefore, an appropriate dimensioning includes the consideration of temperature and performance range, the working medium and the required reaction times. For example, to keep losses for electricity reconversion with thermal engines low (Carnot efficiency), the thermal energy storage needs to work with high-temperature heat (>350°C). At this temperature power reconversion with efficiencies of up to 25% can be achieved by organic rankine cycle (ORC) processes . Heat generation in WTES can be distinguished into direct and indirect energy conversion. The former is primarily based on the use of retarders for conversion of rotational energy into heat within a wind turbine. Technological realizations of retarders are on the one hand hydrodynamic retarders. Due to their broad application as truck brakes they have considerably lower costs and weight compared to electric generators. On the other hand, induction retarders are similar to eddy-current brakes . In addition to retarders, mechanical heat pumps can be used for direct energy conversion , Indirect heat generation concepts still rely on electricity generation with a conventional generator and the
subsequent conversion into heat. Theoretically, such concepts provide advantages with regard to the hybrid use of heat and electricity. For example, the principle of pumped-heat-energy-storage can be used in order to achieve the most efficient conversion between electricity and heat. The high-temperature heat is generated by means of electric heat pumps, which can result in a total efficiency of 54 % for the reconversion of electricity