لخّصلي

1.The cuff is placed around the arm of the patient, when the cuff is inflated, the circulation in the artery is blocked temporarily, and when the cuff is deflated, sounds are generated because of the blood throbbing inside the artery.The cuff is placed around the upper arm and rapidly inflated to pressure 30 mmHg above the prospective systolic blood pressure, occluding the blood flow in the brachial artery.2.1 Auditory method This method usually employs a mercury column, an occlusive cuff, and a stethoscope.The principle of blood pressure measurement using this technique depends on the transmission of intra-arterial pulsations through the occluded arm.The oscillations on the arterial pressure are processed to establish an oscillometric curve to calculate the Both numbers automatically and display the result in the monitor.Then the cuff is deflated gradually while the detecting system, by means of a pressure sensor, detects the oscillometric signal step by step.The most common site for indirect measurement is the upper arm where the brachial artery is located, although many other sites may be used.When the sounds disappear, we have the diastolic pressure.2.

1. Introduction
   High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is one of the main reasons for which people
   visit doctors; this suffering could have very serious consequences, even death.
   Before it was required a trained person to be able to measure the blood pressure of another
   person, because a mercury sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope were required, until the
   automated blood pressure monitors appeared.


2. Noninvasive blood pressure measurement techniques
   The indirect measurement is also called noninvasive measurement because the body is not
   invaded in the process. The most common site for indirect measurement is the upper arm
   where the brachial artery is located, although many other sites may be used. The most
   commonly used indirect methods are the auscultation and oscillometry, explained below.
   2.1 Auditory method
   This method usually employs a mercury column, an occlusive cuff, and a stethoscope. The
   cuff is placed around the arm of the patient, when the cuff is inflated, the circulation in the
   artery is blocked temporarily, and when the cuff is deflated, sounds are generated because
   of the blood throbbing inside the artery.
   These sounds are monitored with a stethoscope placed on the brachial artery (Korotkoff
   sounds). When the first sound is heard, the blood pressure is verified in the meter: this is the
   systolic blood pressure, considered equal to the pumping pressure. When the sounds
   disappear, we have the diastolic pressure. This is the pressure in the arteries when the heart
   relaxes between pulses.
   The highest number or the strongest sound is when the blood flows. Both numbers are
   important.
   2.2 Oscillometric method
   Electronic pressure monitors based on oscillometry have become popular in recent years
   due to their simplicity of use.
   The principle of blood pressure measurement using this technique depends on the
   transmission of intra-arterial pulsations through the occluded arm. The cuff is placed around
   the upper arm and rapidly inflated to pressure 30 mmHg above the prospective systolic
   blood pressure, occluding the blood flow in the brachial artery. Then the cuff is deflated
   gradually while the detecting system, by means of a pressure sensor, detects the
   oscillometric signal step by step. The oscillations on the arterial pressure are processed to
   establish an oscillometric curve to calculate the Both numbers automatically and display the
   result in the monitor.