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Glioblastoma (GBM), also referred to as a grade IV astrocytoma, is a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor.Symptoms Symptoms vary depending on the location of the brain tumor, but may include any of the following: Persistent headaches Double or blurred vision Vomiting Loss of appetite Changes in mood and personality Changes in ability to think and learn New onset of seizures Speech difficulty of gradual onset(1)GBMs present unique treatment challenges due to: Localization of tumors in the brain Inherent resistance to conventional therapy Limited capacity of the brain to repair itself Migration of malignant cells into adjacent brain tissue The variably disrupted tumor blood supply, which inhibits effective drug delivery Tumor capillary leakage, resulting in an accumulation of fluid around the tumor, (peritumoral edema) and intracranial hypertension Tumor-induced seizures The resultant neurotoxicity of treatments directed at gliomas Prevalence and Incidence Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain and other CNS tumors accounting for 47.7% of all cases.

Glioblastoma (GBM), also referred to as a grade IV astrocytoma, is a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor. It invades the nearby brain tissue, but generally does not spread to distant organs.
GBMs can arise in the brain de novo or evolve from lower-grade astrocytoma. In adults, GBM occurs most often in the cerebral hemispheres, especially in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. GBM is a devastating brain cancer that can result in death in six months or less, if untreated; hence, it is imperative to seek expert neuro-oncological and neurosurgical care immediately, as this can impact overall survival.
GBMs present unique treatment challenges due to:
Localization of tumors in the brain
Inherent resistance to conventional therapy
Limited capacity of the brain to repair itself
Migration of malignant cells into adjacent brain tissue
The variably disrupted tumor blood supply, which inhibits effective drug delivery
Tumor capillary leakage, resulting in an accumulation of fluid around the tumor, (peritumoral edema) and intracranial hypertension
Tumor-induced seizures
The resultant neurotoxicity of treatments directed at gliomas
Prevalence and Incidence
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain and other CNS tumors accounting for 47.7% of all cases. Glioblastoma has an incidence of 3.21 per 100,000 population.
Median age of diagnosis is 64 years and it is more common in men as compared to women. Survival is poor with approximately 40% survival in the first year post diagnosis and 17% in the second year.
Factors associated with glioblastoma risk are prior therapeutic radiation, decreased susceptibility to allergy and impaired immune response. Several hereditary cancer syndromes greatly increase the risk of glioblastoma, including Li-fraumeni syndrome and Lynch syndrome.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the location of the brain tumor, but may include any of the following:
Persistent headaches
Double or blurred vision
Vomiting
Loss of appetite
Changes in mood and personality
Changes in ability to think and learn
New onset of seizures
Speech difficulty of gradual onset(1)