لخّصلي

Causes of the problem of street children and factors for its spread: Many references and studies have dealt with the causes of the problem of street children in Egypt, which differ from one society to another, and even within the same society.The use of violence against street children hinders all attempts and efforts of NGOs that try to participate in the ongoing rehabilitation programs for street children .As a result of what he suffers, and these behaviors may also result from the guardian after the death of the parents, in addition to the outside world, which is often negative in dealing with the orphan's psyche, so it is rebuke, violence and cruelty, so God Almighty alerted to precaution in dealing with such a segment of society He said: {As for the orphan, do not oppress} (Al-Duha:9) Just as the dealings of street children with those who shelter them expose them - in many times - to violence in various forms, starting from insults and insults to fist fights, or with sharp tools such as a penknife or razor, the matter Which exposes them to being chased by the police on an ongoing basis, which leads to their spread in many places, or they are arrested and placed with adult detainees - of both sexes - accused in other cases, and then they are subjected to some deviant behavioral practices as well.Also, these children's families cannot take care of all the requirements of their children compared to other families, and the child does not find interest in him like others of his peers, and this causes a defect in the process of upbringing and communication with him, and they are unable to provide his health and educational requirements as it should and do not give him even a decent social status, as it integrates In its cultural framework and bequeathed to him by training him in the prevailing ways of thinking in it and instilling common beliefs in it, so he grows up in an atmosphere dominated by patterns of thinking, values and methods of treatment that he cannot easily overlook because he grew up on them until they grow in the components of his personality .A- Family factors: In recent years, Arab societies have witnessed rapid changes that included various aspects of life in society, and the most rapidly changing of these areas was the economic field, which prompted millions of Arabs to live below the poverty line, which makes them push their children to practice beggary and trade in some marginal commodities throughout the years.4- Congenital disintegration within the family: It means the deviation of the parents or both or the adult children, the weakness of the moral and religious faith and the ideals within the family, and it is one of the most important factors for the collapse of morals within the family and the most dangerous for the child, as he always seeks to imitate and imitate the personality of his father or his older brother, as well as when the family loses moral values and beliefs In a sound religious tradition, crime, deviation and bad manners become normal, and the path becomes open to the child without the slightest moral or religious deterrent.The child's personality is formed through the family and the environment in which he lives, so he is a normal person if the family is together, and only if it is like that, and the disjointed family of all kinds, such as conflicts between its members or the absence of one of them due to divorce, abandonment, or even death or distance from it for long periods generates psychological disorder The child has instability and lack of control that lead him to the freedom to act without consideration .Family conditions, conditions and attitudes play an important and fundamental role in the spread of the phenomenon of street children, as it is the reference group for the child whose personality is formed, as it is the first institution that meets his needs and is essential in its cultural framework.He is going through economic crises, as well as the rate of abandonment or the death of one of the parents in it is very high, in addition to the diminishing eagerness and anxiety for children, and suffering from lack of housing, which leads to leaving children outside without supervision and spreading them in the streets permanently .5

• Direct expulsion by the family : Either because of poverty, or domination and cruelty, or unwillingness to put up with the son's repeated mistakes, the family resorts to expelling their son thinking that he will not be able to leave the house because he depends on them to support him, and they also think that expulsion is among the methods of education, so they threaten him with that from time to time, only to be surprised The family has the son running away from home and automatically joining the homeless .Street children often belong to family patterns with a low economic and social level that usually suffer Low income, social and health care for children, and the most important family factors that help to understand the problem are the following: 1- The large number of family members: The number of family members affects the interaction and behavior of its members, so the possibilities of increasing disease, including malnutrition, satiation, and lower intelligence, although the size of the family is not the only or final cause of these effects, but it is considered one of the clear and main reasons.- 59

Street children often belong to such families that determine their orientations and future aspirations, and they are subject to slip-ups in various fields that do not agree with satisfying their childish needs, such as going to the street to get what they need, which leads them to choose types of practices without being aware of their danger to their present or future .6

• Violence and cruelty : It may happen that the family turns away from the main goal for which it was made - which is tenderness, love and kindness - to become a source of cruelty and violence, whether material, physical or psychological, which causes the child to lose reassurance and a sense of security, so he becomes hypersensitive in explaining the behavior of others towards him due to the temperamental disorders that he has.7
• Negligence : Due to the many responsibilities of the mother and the conditions of the father's work in search of livelihood, the son finds himself neglected and lives without care or control of his behavior, which he does not know whether it is subject to criticism or not, only to be surprised by those around him outside the family nest who blame him and his deviations and pursue him constantly, which is one of the reasons He fled to a place he thought was safe .3- Wrong upbringing: In addition to the wrong upbringing, whether through harshness or softness, the same applies to the deterioration of the behavioral level of the family.- 60

Thus, street children have become a threat to the security and morals of society, and therefore it is easy for them to come into contact with suspicious and delinquent people, and it is easy to lead them to practice aggressive or deviant behaviors.2-Familial disintegration Familial disintegration is an essential reason for a child to go out into the street, and 24% of street children come from broken families, either through divorce, the death of one of the parents, or the marriage of

58

one of the parents, and 32% of them did not find care and attention from families .Today to help their families, which exposes them to the perils and perils of the street .A child who finds himself in a family that is professional in crime, drug abuse, or other vices follows their behavior and is affected by their actions, which he has grown up with.a .

Causes of the problem of street children and factors for its spread:
Many references and studies have dealt with the causes of the
problem of street children in Egypt, which differ from one society to
another, and even within the same society.
A- Family factors:
In recent years, Arab societies have witnessed rapid changes
that included various aspects of life in society, and the most rapidly
changing of these areas was the economic field, which prompted millions
of Arabs to live below the poverty line, which makes them push their
children to practice beggary and trade in some marginal commodities
throughout the years. Today to help their families, which exposes them to
the perils and perils of the street .
Family conditions, conditions and attitudes play an important
and fundamental role in the spread of the phenomenon of street children,
as it is the reference group for the child whose personality is formed, as it
is the first institution that meets his needs and is essential in its cultural
framework. Street children often belong to family patterns with a low
economic and social level that usually suffer Low income, social and
health care for children, and the most important family factors that help to
understand the problem are the following:
1- The large number of family members:
The number of family members affects the interaction and
behavior of its members, so the possibilities of increasing disease,
including malnutrition, satiation, and lower intelligence, although the size
of the family is not the only or final cause of these effects, but it is
considered one of the clear and main reasons. He is going through
economic crises, as well as the rate of abandonment or the death of one of
the parents in it is very high, in addition to the diminishing eagerness and
anxiety for children, and suffering from lack of housing, which leads to
leaving children outside without supervision and spreading them in the
streets permanently .
2-Familial disintegration
Familial disintegration is an essential reason for a child to go
out into the street, and 24% of street children come from broken families,
either through divorce, the death of one of the parents, or the marriage of

58

one of the parents, and 32% of them did not find care and attention from
families .
The child's personality is formed through the family and the
environment in which he lives, so he is a normal person if the family is
together, and only if it is like that, and the disjointed family of all kinds,
such as conflicts between its members or the absence of one of them due
to divorce, abandonment, or even death or distance from it for long
periods generates psychological disorder The child has instability and
lack of control that lead him to the freedom to act without consideration .
3- Wrong upbringing: In addition to the wrong upbringing, whether
through harshness or softness, the same applies to the deterioration of the
behavioral level of the family. A child who finds himself in a family that
is professional in crime, drug abuse, or other vices follows their behavior
and is affected by their actions, which he has grown up with.
4- Congenital disintegration within the family:
It means the deviation of the parents or both or the adult
children, the weakness of the moral and religious faith and the ideals
within the family, and it is one of the most important factors for the
collapse of morals within the family and the most dangerous for the child,
as he always seeks to imitate and imitate the personality of his father or
his older brother, as well as when the family loses moral values and
beliefs In a sound religious tradition, crime, deviation and bad manners
become normal, and the path becomes open to the child without the
slightest moral or religious deterrent.
Also, these children's families cannot take care of all the
requirements of their children compared to other families, and the child
does not find interest in him like others of his peers, and this causes a
defect in the process of upbringing and communication with him, and
they are unable to provide his health and educational requirements as it
should and do not give him even a decent social status, as it integrates In
its cultural framework and bequeathed to him by training him in the
prevailing ways of thinking in it and instilling common beliefs in it, so he
grows up in an atmosphere dominated by patterns of thinking, values and
methods of treatment that he cannot easily overlook because he grew up
on them until they grow in the components of his personality .

59

Street children often belong to such families that determine
their orientations and future aspirations, and they are subject to slip-ups in
various fields that do not agree with satisfying their childish needs, such
as going to the street to get what they need, which leads them to choose
types of practices without being aware of their danger to their present or
future .
5

• Direct expulsion by the family :
  Either because of poverty, or domination and cruelty, or
  unwillingness to put up with the son's repeated mistakes, the family
  resorts to expelling their son thinking that he will not be able to leave the
  house because he depends on them to support him, and they also think
  that expulsion is among the methods of education, so they threaten him
  with that from time to time, only to be surprised The family has the son
  running away from home and automatically joining the homeless .
  6


• Violence and cruelty :
  It may happen that the family turns away from the main goal
  for which it was made - which is tenderness, love and kindness - to
  become a source of cruelty and violence, whether material, physical or
  psychological, which causes the child to lose reassurance and a sense of
  security, so he becomes hypersensitive in explaining the behavior of
  others towards him due to the temperamental disorders that he has. As a
  result of what he suffers, and these behaviors may also result from the
  guardian after the death of the parents, in addition to the outside world,
  which is often negative in dealing with the orphan’s psyche, so it is
  rebuke, violence and cruelty, so God Almighty alerted to precaution in
  dealing with such a segment of society He said: {As for the orphan, do
  not oppress} (Al-Duha:9) Just as the dealings of street children with those
  who shelter them expose them - in many times - to violence in various
  forms, starting from insults and insults to fist fights, or with sharp tools
  such as a penknife or razor, the matter Which exposes them to being
  chased by the police on an ongoing basis, which leads to their spread in
  many places, or they are arrested and placed with adult detainees - of both
  sexes - accused in other cases, and then they are subjected to some
  deviant behavioral practices as well. a .
  The use of violence against street children hinders all attempts
  and efforts of NGOs that try to participate in the ongoing rehabilitation
  programs for street children .

60

Thus, street children have become a threat to the security and
morals of society, and therefore it is easy for them to come into contact
with suspicious and delinquent people, and it is easy to lead them to
practice aggressive or deviant behaviors.
7

• Negligence :
  Due to the many responsibilities of the mother and the conditions
  of the father’s work in search of livelihood, the son finds himself
  neglected and lives without care or control of his behavior, which he does
  not know whether it is subject to criticism or not, only to be surprised by
  those around him outside the family nest who blame him and his
  deviations and pursue him constantly, which is one of the reasons He fled
  to a place he thought was safe .