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?General Properties of Connective Tissue Homogeneous materials, such as steel, display the same mechanical behavior no matter from what direction forces are applied.This highly viscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage is mainly due to two mechanisms: (a) the frictional drag force of interstitial fluid flow through the porous solid matrix (i.e., the flow dependent mechanism).With the mechanical load, the interstitial fluid is redistributed through the pores of the permeable solid matrix, resulting in predominantly viscoelastic behavior.?In contrast, heterogeneous connective tissues display very different behavior, depending on the nature and direction of applied forces, and are called anisotropic.Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage AC consists of two phases: a fluid phase and a solid phase.

General Properties of Connective Tissue
Homogeneous materials, such as steel, display the same
mechanical behavior no matter from what direction
forces are applied. These are isotropic materials.
In contrast, heterogeneous connective tissues display
very different behavior, depending on the nature and
direction of applied forces, and are called anisotropic.
Connective tissues are described as heterogeneous because
they are composed of a variety of solid and semisolid
components.
The function of the structure as a whole depends on a
combination of the properties of the different components,
the varying proportions of each component in the structure,
and the interactions among these components.
Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage
AC consists of two phases: a fluid phase and a solid phase.
Water is the principal component of the fluid phase. The
solid phase is characterized for most part by the ECM.
Cartilage is seen as a permeable, viscous-elastic material.
Its intercellular substance consists mostly of water (up to
65–85%) depending on exposure and previous damage.
With the mechanical load, the interstitial fluid is redistributed through the
pores of the permeable solid matrix, resulting in predominantly
viscoelastic behavior.
This highly viscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage is
mainly due to two mechanisms:
(a) the frictional drag force of interstitial fluid flow through the porous solid
matrix (i.e., the flow dependent mechanism).
(b) the function of the time-dependent deformability of the solid matrix (i.e.
the flow-independent mechanism