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which should give rise to widespread concern.To investigate the spatial distribution of RI in this region, ArcMap 10.2 software was employed again.Additionally, the highest risk was located at the MSWI (< 500 m), and the risks to the local ecology gradually diminished away from the centre of the MSWI, especially to the south, possibly due to the influence by the local wind direction.Comparisons of the total risks of the metals in the study area calculated under the two references are presented in Fig.In addition, it was also determined that Cd accounted for most of the total risk, 75.53 % (background values) and 76.37 % (grade II values), mainly due to the high concentrations and toxicity coefficients.8.

which should give rise to widespread concern. Meanwhile, As and Pb also need to be given more attention in the vicinity of the MSWI. To investigate the spatial distribution of RI in this region, ArcMap 10.2 software was employed again. Comparisons of the total risks of the metals in the study area calculated under the two references are presented in Fig. 8. The results showed that three of the samples (S1, S2, and S3) all suffered from the highest risk under the two references, namely, very high risk (background values) and high risk (grade II values). It was also revealed that the RI values of metals in the surface soil around the MSWI were higher in the south than those in the other directions. Additionally, the highest risk was located at the MSWI (< 500 m), and the risks to the local ecology gradually diminished away from the centre of the MSWI, especially to the south, possibly due to the influence by the local wind direction. In addition, it was also determined that Cd accounted for most of the total risk, 75.53 % (background values) and 76.37 % (grade II values), mainly due to the high concentrations and toxicity coefficients. As mentioned above, the results were consistent with the spatial distribution of the elemental concentrations. Consequently, the high ecological risk was primarily dominated by Cd, and the contamination in the south was more serious than that in the other directions.