لخّصلي

Heart failure symptoms commonly include palpitations, shortness of breath (dyspnea), and edema. Left heart failure manifests as lung congestion, with shortness of breath worsening from exertion to rest in advanced stages. Right heart failure shows systemic congestion: jugular venous distention, edema (often pitting and in lower extremities), weight gain, and hepatomegaly; severe cases can cause anorexia and abdominal fullness. Reduced cardiac output leads to fatigue, poor concentration, memory problems, and altered consciousness.

The most common symptoms are palpitation,
shortness of breath, dyspnea, and edema. When
divided into left and right heart failure, the
symptoms of left heart failure are all conges-
tion of the lungs in front of the left heart sys-
tem. The symptoms of left heart failure include
shortness of breath, dyspnea, tachypnea, and
orthopnea. In the early stages, shortness of
breath occurs during exertion. In advanced
stages, shortness of breath appears with light
exertion, and in severe cases, it also appears at
rest. Right heart failure is a sign of systemic
congestion and includes jugular venous disten-
tion, edema, weight gain, and hepatomegaly.
The edema is bilateral, tends to occur inferi-
orly, and leaves digital impression when
pressed (pitting edema). The edema tends to be
located in the extremities, but if the edema
extends to the intestinal tract or liver, anorexia
(loss of appetite) and abdominal fullness may
occur [9].
Symptoms of decreased cardiac output include
fatigability, decreased ability to concentrate, dis-
turbance of memorization, and disturbance of
consciousness [9].