لخّصلي

1.Flexibility and Adaptability

• Common Law:
  It is more flexible and adaptable to changing societal needs because judicial decisions can evolve over time.Sources of Law
• Common Law:
  The primary source of law is judicial precedents, meaning past decisions guide future rulings.Statutes (laws passed by legislatures) are secondary and interpreted by courts.- Civil Law:
  It is more rigid and focused on consistency, as changes require legislative amendments to the codes.Courts play a central role in developing the law through judicial decisions, which serve as precedents for future cases.2.3.4.

1. Structure of the Legal System

• Common Law:
  
  The structure is largely case-based. Courts play a central role in developing the law through judicial decisions, which serve as precedents for future cases. Higher courts have more authority, and their decisions are binding on lower courts.


• Civil Law:
  
  The structure relies heavily on codified statutes. Legislators create comprehensive legal codes that outline the rules. Courts primarily interpret these codes and have less freedom to create new laws.

2. Sources of Law

• Common Law:
  
  The primary source of law is judicial precedents, meaning past decisions guide future rulings. Statutes (laws passed by legislatures) are secondary and interpreted by courts. - Civil Law:
  
  The primary source of law is codified statutes and legal codes. Precedents have less authority and are not binding but may provide guidance.

3. Procedural Practices

• Common Law:
  
  Procedures are adversarial. Judges act as neutral arbitrators while lawyers for both sides present their cases. This system emphasizes oral arguments and cross-examinations.


• Civil Law:
  
  Procedures are inquisitorial. Judges play an active role in investigating the facts, questioning witnesses, and applying the law. Written submissions are more significant than oral arguments.

4. Flexibility and Adaptability

• Common Law:
  
  It is more flexible and adaptable to changing societal needs because judicial decisions can evolve over time. This makes it well-suited for addressing unique or unforeseen issues.


• Civil Law:
  
  It is more rigid and focused on consistency, as changes require legislative amendments to the codes. This ensures stability but may delay responses to new challenges.