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The Parts of Speech Traditional grammar classifies words based on eight parts of speech: the verb, the noun, the pronoun, the adjective, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection.2.An overview of pronouns A pronoun: a word which takes the place of a noun (called "the antecedent")

1. Personal: they refer to person/people speaking, spoken to or spoken about. Examples: I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, we, us, they . 2. Possessive: they function independently; they show possession. Examples: my, mine, your, yours, our, ours, his, her, hers . 3. Indefinite: they have no specific antecedents. Examples: another, both, everything, nothing
2. Reflexive: they show that the subject performs actions to/for itself Examples: myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, themselves
3. Intensive: they look the same as reflexive pronouns, but their purpose is different. Intensive pronouns add emphasis. Examples: (same forms as reflexive pronouns) I built this house myself. 6. Reciprocal: they show a mutual action or relationship. Examples : each other, one another
4. Interrogative: they are used to ask a question. Examples: who, which, what . 8. Relative: they are used to introduce a relative clause Examples: who, which, that . 9. Demonstrative: they substitute for specific nouns. Examples: this, that, these, those . 3. An overview of verbs A verb: expresses action or state of being
5. Transitive: it is an action verb; it passes action on to a direct object Example: We bought a car. 2. Intransitive: it does not indicate a transfer of action; it does not require a direct object Example: The eagle soared. 3. Linking: it joins the subject with a word that renames/describes it .Example: The sky is blue. 4. Main: it indicates the primary activity
6. Auxiliary: "helps" the main verb 6.Non-finite/Verbal: shows an unfinished action or condition o Infinitives: to + verb; act as nouns, adjectives, adverbs o Participles: past or present; always act as adjectives o Gerunds: present participle form; act as nouns 4.An overview of adjectives An adjective: modifies nouns and pronouns 1.Limiting: it limits a noun o Definite/Indefinite Articles: Eg. the, a, an o Possessive: Eg. his, her, its, their o Demonstrative: Eg. this, that, these, those o Indefinite: Eg. several, few, less, many, more o Interrogative: Eg. what, which, whose o Cardinal: Eg. one, two, four o 2Ordinal: Eg. third, fourth, fiftieth o Nouns: Eg. the milk cow o Proper: Eg. the German cow 5.An overview of adverbs An adverb: modifies verbs, adjectives, adverbs, sentences Examples: sang loudly, ran swiftly 6.An overview of conjunctions A conjunction : links sentence elements, ie. words, phrases, clauses 1.In this sentence, "walk" is a verb, and its subject is the pronoun "we". The mail carrier stood on the walk. In this example, "walk" is a noun, which is part of a prepositional phrase describing where the mail carrier stood.CONJUNCTION 8.INTERJECTION 1.ADJECTIVE 5.1.2.

The Parts of Speech
Traditional grammar classifies words based on eight parts of speech: the verb, the noun, the pronoun, the adjective, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection.
Each part of speech explains not what the word is, but how the word is used. In fact, the same word can be a noun in one sentence and a verb or adjective in the next. The next few examples show how a word's part of speech can change from one sentence to the next.
Books are made of ink, paper, and glue.
In this sentence, "books" is a noun, the subject of the sentence.
Deborah waits patiently while Bridget books the tickets.
Here "books" is a verb, and its subject is "Bridget."
We walk down the street.
In this sentence, "walk" is a verb, and its subject is the pronoun "we".
The mail carrier stood on the walk.
In this example, "walk" is a noun, which is part of a prepositional phrase describing where the mail carrier stood.
The town decided to build a new jail.
Here "jail" is a noun, which is the object of the infinitive phrase "to build."
The sheriff told us that if we did not leave town immediately he would jail us.
Here "jail" is part of the compound verb "would jail."
They heard high pitched cries in the middle of the night.
In this sentence, "cries" is a noun acting as the direct object of the verb "heard."
The baby cries all night long and all day long.
But here "cries" is a verb that describes the actions of the subject of the sentence, the baby.
Word categories
1-NOUN 2-PRONOUN 3- VERB 4. ADJECTIVE 5. ADVERB 6. PREPOSITION 7. CONJUNCTION 8.INTERJECTION

1. An overview of nouns
   A noun: any word which names a person, place, thing, idea, animal, quality, or action.


2. Count Nouns: anything which can be counted; singular and plural. Example: car - cars


3. Mass Nouns: entities which cannot be counted; they have no plural form.Example: money


4. Collective Nouns: groups of people or things; sing. and plural.Example: herd - herds


5. Possessive Nouns: express ownership by adding an apostrophe.
   Examples: (singular.) Kelly's anger (plural.) birds' feathers.

2.An overview of pronouns
A pronoun: a word which takes the place of a noun (called "the antecedent")

1. Personal: they refer to person/people speaking, spoken to or spoken about.
   Examples: I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, we, us, they .


2. Possessive: they function independently; they show possession.
   Examples: my, mine, your, yours, our, ours, his, her, hers .


3. Indefinite: they have no specific antecedents. Examples: another, both, everything, nothing


4. Reflexive: they show that the subject performs actions to/for itself
   Examples: myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, themselves


5. Intensive: they look the same as reflexive pronouns, but their purpose is different. Intensive pronouns add emphasis. Examples: (same forms as reflexive pronouns) I built this house myself.


6. Reciprocal: they show a mutual action or relationship.
   Examples : each other, one another


7. Interrogative: they are used to ask a question.
   Examples: who, which, what .


8. Relative: they are used to introduce a relative clause
   Examples: who, which, that .


9. Demonstrative: they substitute for specific nouns.
   Examples: this, that, these, those .


10. An overview of verbs
    A verb: expresses action or state of being


11. Transitive: it is an action verb; it passes action on to a direct object Example: We bought a car.


12. Intransitive: it does not indicate a transfer of action; it does not require a direct object Example: The eagle soared.


13. Linking: it joins the subject with a word that renames/describes it .Example: The sky is blue.


14. Main: it indicates the primary activity


15. Auxiliary: "helps" the main verb


16. Modal: indicates ability, obligation, permission, possibility
    Examples: can, may, must, should, could, might, ought, would


17. Finite: it describes a definite and limited action or condition


18. Non-finite/Verbal: shows an unfinished action or condition
    o Infinitives: to + verb; act as nouns, adjectives, adverbs
    o Participles: past or present; always act as adjectives
    o Gerunds: present participle form; act as nouns
    4.An overview of adjectives
    An adjective: modifies nouns and pronouns


19. Descriptive: it names a quality of the noun
    o Attributive: Eg. The brown cow.
    o Predicate: Eg. It was a brown cow.


20. Limiting: it limits a noun
    o Definite/Indefinite Articles: Eg. the, a, an
    o Possessive: Eg. his, her, its, their
    o Demonstrative: Eg. this, that, these, those
    o Indefinite: Eg. several, few, less, many, more
    o Interrogative: Eg. what, which, whose
    o Cardinal: Eg. one, two, four
    o 2Ordinal: Eg. third, fourth, fiftieth
    o Nouns: Eg. the milk cow
    o Proper: Eg. the German cow


21. An overview of adverbs
    An adverb: modifies verbs, adjectives, adverbs, sentences
    Examples: sang loudly, ran swiftly


22. An overview of prepositions
    A preposition: links a noun or a pronoun (the object of the preposition) with some other word or expression.
    Examples: about, below, in, over, until


23. An overview of conjunctions
    A conjunction : links sentence elements, ie. words, phrases, clauses


24. Coordinating : it joins sentence parts of equal grammatical status
    Examples: and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet


25. Correlative: they are coordinating conjunctions that work in pairs; they join words, phrases, clauses, sentences.
    Examples: both...and, either...or, neither...nor


26. Subordinating: they connect clauses of unequal status
    Examples: after, because, that, though


27. An overview of interjections
    An interjection is an unusual kind of word, because it often stands alone. Interjections are words which express emotion or surprise, and they are usually followed by exclamation marks.
    Examples: Ouch!, Hello!, Hurray!, Oh no!, Ha! yuk, ouch, eh .