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The Basic Functions of Management

Every day, managers tackle difficult problems, guide organizations towards success, and achieve impressive results. Good management is essential for any organization to thrive. Peter Drucker, a prominent management theorist, identified five key tasks that managers perform: setting goals, organizing activities, motivating and communicating, measuring performance, and developing people.

These five tasks fall into four core management functions: planning (setting goals and deciding activities), organizing (structuring activities and people), leading (motivating, communicating with, and developing people), and controlling (setting targets and measuring performance).

Regardless of their specific role, managers perform numerous and varied tasks, all of which can be categorized within these four fundamental functions.

These functions apply to all managers, from top executives like Mark Zuckerberg at Facebook and Alan Mulally at Ford, to local restaurant managers, airport security team leaders, and sales and marketing directors. As Paul Hawken, an environmentalist, entrepreneur, and author, puts it: "Good management is the art of making problems so interesting and their solutions so constructive that everyone wants to get to work and deal with them."

The Basic Functions
ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻓﻰ ھﻲ
اﻟﺠﯿﺪة اﻻدارة
ﺑﻨﺎءة ﻟﻼھﺘﻤوﺣﻠﻮﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﻌﮭﺎ واﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﯾﺮﻏﺒﻮن اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ أن ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ
of Management
"Good management is the
Every day, managers solve difficult problems, turn organizations
art of making problems
around, and achieve astonishing performances. To be successful,
every organization needs good managers. The famed management
so interesting and their
theorist Peter Drucker (1909-2005), often credited with creating وظﺎﺋﻒ
solutions so constructive
-the modern study of management, summed up the job of the man اﻻﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﯾﻨﻈﻤﻮن -١
j a a ager by specifying five tasks, as outlined in Exhibit 1.2.° In essence,
اﺻﻠﻮن
2 managers s e t goals®organize activities, motivate a n d communicate-
3 ,
slustigi a measure performance, and develop people. These five manager ac-
allishs tivities apply not only to top executives such as Mark Zuckerberg
that everyone wants
to get to work and deal
with them."
at Facebook, Alan Mulally at Ford Motor Company, and Ursula
Burns at Xerox, but also to the manager of a restaurant in your
hometown, the leader of an airport security team, a supervisor at
-PAUL HAWKEN, ENVIRONMENTALIST,
ENTREPRENEUR, AND AUTHOR OF
NATURAL CAPITALISM
a Web hosting service, or the director of sales and marketing for a
وظﺎﺋﻒ ارﺑﻊ .local business
ادارﯾﺔ
The activities outlined in Exhibit 1.2 fall into four fundamental management func-
tions: planning (setting goals and deciding activities), organizing (organizing activities and
people), leading (motivating, communicating with, and developing people), and control-
ling (establishing targets and measuring performance). Depending on their job situation,
managers perform numerous and varied tasks, but they all can be categorized within these
four primary functions.
E X H I B I T 1 . 2 What Do Managers Do?
7
1
I N T R O D U C T I O N
1 . Set Objectives
Establish goals for the
group and decide what
m u s t b e d o n e t o
achieve t h e m
5. Develop People
Recognize the value o f
employees and develop
this critical organizational
a s s e t
2. Organize
Divide work into
manageable activities
and select people t o
accomplish tasks
4 . Measure
Set targets and
standards; appraise
performance
3 Motivate and Communicate
Create teamwork via
decisions o n pay,
promotions, etc., and
through communication
ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ
ﻗﯿﻤﺔ
.5
ﻋﻠﻰ
اﻷھﺪاف:
ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ .1
اﻟﻘﯿﺎم
ﯾﺠﺐ
اﻟﺘﻌﺮف
اﻻداف
اﻷﻧﺎء
ﺗﻘﯿﻢ
ا
واﻟﻤﻌﻠﯿﺮ
ﻣﺎ
اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻢ
.2
إدارﺗﮭﺎ
ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أﻧﺸﻄﺔ
اﻷﺷﺨﺎص
واﺧﺘﺒﺎر
اﻟﻤﮭﺎم
اﻹﻧﺠﺎز
واﻟﺘﺮاﺻﻞ(
اﻟﺘﻄﯿﺰ 3
إﻟﻰ
وﻣﺎ
واﻟﺘﺮﻓﯿﺎت
ﺧﻼل
وﻣﻦ
اك،
SOURCE: Based on "What Do Managers Do?" The Wall Street Journal Online, http://guides.wsj.com/management/developing-a
-leadership-style/what-do-managers-do/ (accessed August 1, 2010), article adapted from Alan Murray, The Wal Street Journal
Essential Guide to Management (New York: Harper Business, 2010)