لخّصلي

Hematopoiesis, the process by which blood cells are produced,has been considered to be initiated by hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) that develop through multiple differentiation intermediates and give rise to all blood lineages.In mouse, culture of YS vs. the intra-embryonic aorta-gonad mesonephros (AGM) region before the establishment of circulation demonstrated that the origin of HSCs is exclusively intra-embryonic (Cumano et al., 1996).Subsequent studies using chick-quail or chick-chick chimeras challenged the view that YS was the source of HSCs and showed that long-lasting hematopoietic potential was only found in intra-embryonic progenitors (Dieterlen-Lievre, 1975; Lassila et al.,1978).In the 1970s, Moore and Owen (1967) showed that the embryonic day (E) 7 chicken YS generated mostly erythroid and also myeloid and lymphoid progeny after transplantation into irradiated embryos,pointing to a YS origin of HSCs.This pool of HSCs will sustain hematopoiesis throughout adult life, generating not only erythroid and myeloid cells but also lymphoid cells.The notion that YS populations are only produced and necessary during embryonic development has recently been challenged.During embryogenesis, successive waves of mesoderm-derived hematopoietic progenitors contribute to the formation of erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid lineages.The order of events that resulted in the formation of these structures led embryologists to hypothesize that both hematopoietic and endothelial cells had a common origin, a bipotent cell designated hemangioblast (see Table 1;Choi et al., 1998).These two hematopoietic waves, which generate primitive and definitive erythrocytes,respectively, provide the oxygen needed for embryo survival as well as megakaryocytes and myeloid cells that are important for tissue remodeling and hemostasis

Hematopoiesis, the process by which blood cells are produced,has been considered to be initiated by hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) that develop through multiple differentiation intermediates and give rise to all blood lineages.In mouse, culture of YS vs. the intra-embryonic aorta-gonad mesonephros (AGM) region before the establishment of circulation demonstrated that the origin of HSCs is exclusively intra-embryonic (Cumano et al., 1996).Subsequent studies using chick-quail or chick-chick chimeras challenged the view that YS was the source of HSCs and showed that long-lasting hematopoietic potential was only found in intra-embryonic progenitors (Dieterlen-Lievre, 1975; Lassila et al.,1978).In the 1970s, Moore and Owen (1967) showed that the embryonic day (E) 7 chicken YS generated mostly erythroid and also myeloid and lymphoid progeny after transplantation into irradiated embryos,pointing to a YS origin of HSCs.This pool of HSCs will sustain hematopoiesis throughout adult life, generating not only erythroid and myeloid cells but also lymphoid cells.The notion that YS populations are only produced and necessary during embryonic development has recently been challenged.During embryogenesis, successive waves of mesoderm-derived hematopoietic progenitors contribute to the formation of erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid lineages.The order of events that resulted in the formation of these structures led embryologists to hypothesize that both hematopoietic and endothelial cells had a common origin, a bipotent cell designated hemangioblast (see Table 1;Choi et al., 1998).These two hematopoietic waves, which generate primitive and definitive erythrocytes,respectively, provide the oxygen needed for embryo survival as well as megakaryocytes and myeloid cells that are important for tissue remodeling and hemostasis