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Cell-cultured meat is an emerging technology which offers both promising possibilities and substantial scientific challenges.Second, the culture of meat-relevant cells, such as bovine satellite cells (BSCs), has traditionally relied on fetal bovine serum (FBS), a notoriously expensive, unsustainable, and inconsistent component, which is inherently antithetical to the aims of cultured meatThe promise of cultured meat lies in its potential to address environmental, ethical, and human health issues that plague intensive animal agriculture1.

Cell-cultured meat is an emerging technology which offers both promising possibilities and substantial scientific challenges. The promise of cultured meat lies in its potential to address environmental, ethical, and human health issues that plague intensive animal agriculture1. For instance, early life-cycle analyses suggest that cultured meat could require >90% less land and >75% less water than conventional beef, while con- tributing >75% fewer greenhouse gas emissions, >95% less eutro- phication, and >90% less particulate matter formation2,3. At the same time, cultured meat could improve animal welfare, food- system resilience, and human health outcomes4–6. The challenges that face the successful technological transition of cultured meat to the marketplace stem from the need for production systems that are low-cost, scalable, food-safe, and free of animal-derived inputs4,7,8. Here, cell culture media is a particularly problematic hurdle for several reasons. First, media comprises the majority (>99%) of the cost of current production systems7–9. Second, the culture of meat-relevant cells, such as bovine satellite cells (BSCs), has traditionally relied on fetal bovine serum (FBS), a notoriously expensive, unsustainable, and inconsistent component, which is inherently antithetical to the aims of cultured meat