The role of the ESN is underpinned by the principle of holistic care 
[3].ESNs consider all aspects of the patient's life as part of a compre
hensive assessment and care process incorporating lifestyle and psy
chosocial issues [3,15] and aiding diagnosis and treatment [2,16,17].ESNs possess leadership skills and 
can exert an organisational influence by reviewing and suggesting im
provements to services, policies, and guidelines and developing new 
standards [4,9,15].ESNs develop knowledge at local, regional, and 
national levels [9], spread evidence-based practices [15], and partici
pate in research projects [4].The role of ESNs and the implementation of ESN services are varied 
and are influenced by organisational contexts and national factorsESNs provide continuity of care [20] by they 
follow patients throughout their lives [3,10,15,21,22] and act as a 
liaison among primary and secondary care, hospital and home, school or 
work, and health providers [10,20].These contributions provide patients 
and carers with the tools to cope successfully with epilepsy [19].ESNs 
empower patients [16] by facilitating their autonomy and 
self-management [13].They offer information, education, and support with regard to clinical, 
social, and safety aspects [13,18].