So this video we're going to look at IBD which is inflammatory bowel disease. Um, a 
chronic inflammatory bowel disease which pursue a protracted relapsing and remitting 
course. There are two types of ibds. And let us look at them now. So IBD typically 
involves involve the colon. But of course one of the types of IBD involve the the whole 
git. Now the two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. When talking 
about ulcerative colitis. It mainly presents with inflammation of the rectal and sigmoid 
colon about 40 to 50%. Um. And this is referred to as Proctitis. Now comparing that to 
Crohn's disease. In Crohn's disease, the main area affected is the cecum and the ileum. 
The ileocecal area 40% of Crohn's cases involve the ileal and ileo colonic area. The 
second most common area affecting Crohn's is the small intestine. About 30 to 40% of 
cases. And in the small intestine we see the inflammation in segments. This is termed 
skip lesions. Because you have inflammation and then you have no inflammation, and 
then you have inflammation again, and then no inflammation, etc.. Some people who 
have Crohn's can have skip lesions in the colon, the large intestine. 20% of Crohn's 
disease cases have this, and this is referred to as Crohn's colitis. And finally a small 
majority of cases have perianal inflammation. So those were the four most common 
areas affected in Crohn's disease. And as we have learned, a typical characteristic of 
Crohn's disease are the skip lesions. Going back to ulcerative colitis. The main areas 
affected, as we talked about is the rectal sigmoid area and this is termed proctitis.
Well, a characteristic of ulcerative colitis is that the inflammation can spread and it 
spreads um, proximally. So from the rectal sigmoid area up the descending colon, 30 to 
40% of ulcerative colitis cases have this. And this is termed left sided colitis. If the 
inflammation spread far enough that it reaches the transverse colon, this is known as 
extensive colitis. So we just saw the common areas affected in ulcerative colitis and 
Crohn's disease, and we saw that they had some differences in that. Ulcerative colitis 
spreads distal to proximal and Crohn's disease, have skip lesions and mainly affects the 
ileocecal area. But there are a lot more differences which we will go over later on. But 
first, let us look at the signs and symptoms associated with the inflammatory bowel 
disease. So signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease can include but not 
always diarrhea, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, tenesmus fever, weight loss, vomiting, 
cramps, and muscle spasms. Let us look more at the differences now and similarities 
between the two types of inflammatory bowel disease. So we will look at the differences 
in gender incidence, smoking association, the onset location pathology, histological 
differences as well as complications. So in ulcerative colitis, um, both genders are