ntroduction
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized 
by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a defect in insu lin secretion and/or insulin action [1].Managing diabetes without side 
effects remains a research challenge [14].These products include propolis, a natural 
resinous and highly adhesive substance made by bees 
(Apis mellifera L.) from the buds and leaves of certain 
plants, mixed with pollen and enzymes secreted by the 
bees [17].Failure to manage diabetes leads to complications linked 
to a number of factors, including chronic hyperglycemia, 
enzymatic glycation of proteins and oxidative stress [6].In the case 
of T2DM, hygienic and dietary measures are the first 
components of treatment, with the introduction of a 
low-calorie diet rich in dietary fiber; unsaturated fats, and 
regular physical activity [8].Bees use propolis as an antiseptic or as a glue to 
seal the spaces between bees nests, to embalm dead in truders and to protect the hive from contamination [18].There are two main types of diabetes 
mellitus: type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), resulting from 
an autoimmune reaction against the ?-cells of the pancreas, 
and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by 
insulin resistance [4]. If dietary hygiene measures 
are ineffective, oral antidiabetics (Metformin, 
glibenclamide, etc.) may be considered.Current therapies for managing diabetes 
mellitus help to maintain blood glucose levels around 
normal and prevent the onset of complications.