Scientific Name:
Indomethacin

Trade Names:
Indocin
Indocid

Classification:
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)

Prostaglandin Synthesis Inhibitor

Mechanism of Action:
Indomethacin works by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is involved in the production of prostaglandins.Always consult a healthcare provider for specific treatment recommendations### Alternatives:
- **Ibuprofen lysine:** Another NSAID used for PDA closure, with a similar mechanism of action but potentially fewer renal side effects.### Monitoring:
- **Renal function:** Monitor urine output, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).It is typically used in neonates, especially preterm infants, where the ductus arteriosus fails to close spontaneously.Contraindications:
Active bleeding or significant risk of bleeding
intracranial hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding 

Thrombocytopenia** (low platelet count).Indications:
Closure of hemodynamically significant PDA in premature infants.### Dosage and Administration:
- **Dosage:** Typically, indomethacin is administered intravenously in three doses over 24-48 hours.- **Surgical ligation:** If pharmacological treatment fails or is contraindicated, surgical closure of the PDA may be necessary.By inhibiting their production, indomethacin promotes the closure of the ductus arteriosus.### Side Effects:
- **Renal:** Reduced urine output, renal dysfunction, or acute kidney injury.- **Metabolism:** Primarily hepatic.