3 Literature Review

  This section discusses the connection between memory and landscape, "landscape experience" through philosophical inquiry, emphasizing its human-centered definition and emotional dimensions, the production of mindscapes, and engineering sensory experiences through landscape architecture. 3.1 The connection between memory and landscape
  The convergence of natural landscapes and memory represents a modern exploration linking social memory with the symbolic construction of time and place. According to Simon Schama, "Landscapes are works of the mind.Goldfarb explores the concept of "landscape experience" based on a philosophical perspective. Goldfarb begins by challenging the prevailing assumption that landscape experience is a specific concept, considering instead that it is open to exploration and questioning. The role of medium human experience in defining landscapes emerges, emphasizing that they arise through human interaction and contemplation, with an emphasis on feeling admired and appreciated as the core activities that characterize this experience.It also explores the complexity of defining landscape experience amid dialogues about place, space, and the landscape itself. Goldfarb navigates through these intertwined concepts, noting how landscape dialogues have escalated in recent decades across different disciplines, noting the importance of understanding landscape experience to integrate and compare conflicting dialogues around them(Goldfarb, 2013). In addition, Goldfarb addresses the emotional dimension of space experiments, asserting that landscapes evoke emotional reactions that distinguish them from general space experiments. It explores the role of emotions, especially the sense of wonder, in shaping the privacy of a landscape experience. Overall, Goldfarb is an intellectual journey into a multidimensional world of landscape experience, urging readers to reconsider how landscapes are perceived, interpreted, and understood across different academic and cultural contexts(Goldfarb, 2013). 3.3 The production of mindscapes
  The article delves into the multifaceted impact of landscapes on humans, emphasizing how these effects extend beyond physical characteristics to include psychological and emotional dimensions. The interplay between evolutionary, cultural, and personal factors shapes these experiences, necessitating a scientific approach to fully comprehend them. Theories such as the refuge and prospect theory highlight evolutionary preferences for landscapes that offer survival advantages, while sociologists and philosophers underscore the significance of cultural influences. Geographers point to the importance of people's sense of place and their memories and call for an integrated framework that includes neuroscience to understand how different factors influence people's experiences of landscapes(Jacobs, n.d.). The article also introduces the tripartite perspective of landscapes, which divides reality into physical (Matterscape), social (Powerscape), and internal (Mindscape) modes, each offering a different view of the landscape. The validity of beliefs about landscapes is evaluated through physical truth, social justice, and mental truthfulness. Case studies, such as the Brent Spar incident and land use in the Netherlands, illustrate the need to consider all three dimensions to avoid overlooking critical aspects of landscapes. The growing emphasis on experiential qualities in contemporary Western societies is highlighted by the emergence of the "experience community," where experiences become central economic commodities.Understanding and harnessing these dimensions can enhance urban planning strategies to promote healthier and more meaningful interactions between people and their surroundings.His view of landscapes as "works of the mind" is consistent with Goldfarb's philosophical research into the fluidity and complexity of landscape experience. In real life, these theoretical frameworks manifest themselves in different ways. For example, urban planners and landscape architects are increasingly recognizing the importance of creating environments that not only serve functional purposes, but also stimulate emotional and sensory experiences. Projects such as High Line in New York and Under Crystal in Copenhagen exemplify this trend by transforming industrial spaces into vibrant and sensory landscapes. These spaces not only reconnect urban dwellers with nature, but also spark responses Emotional through thoughtful design elements such as soaring views, interactive water features, and curated plant selections. In the context of Palestine, the interweaving of landscapes, memory and sensory experience acquires profound significance due to its rich historical and cultural heritage. Palestine's landscapes are not just physical spaces, but repositories of deep-rooted memories and narratives stretching back thousands of years. Just as Simon Schama advocates landscapes as narratives of memory, Palestine's landscapes embody narratives of struggle, resilience, and identity formation for its people. Moreover, the concept of "landscape", as introduced in contemporary discourse, emphasizes the inner perception and personal relationships of individuals that are formed with the landscape.It highlights pioneering projects like the High Line in New York and Under Crystal in Copenhagen as examples of how landscape design can stimulate sensory and emotional experiences in urban dwellers, fostering interactive environments that enhance well-being and the relationship between individuals and the natural environment(Walden; or, Life in the Woods |The author emphasizes the need for ongoing research and collaboration between the scientific community and professionals in urban planning and architecture to develop sustainable solutions that improve the quality of life in contemporary cities.(Walden; or, Life in the Woods |From Poland's forests to England's rivers, his work illuminates how landscapes serve as repositories of collective memory, reflecting our evolving cultural narratives and environmental stewardship challenges.They are a narrative of deep memory layers as much as they are about rock layers" (SIMON SCHAMA, 1995). This perspective highlights how landscapes transcend physical spaces to embody cultural constructs, transformed by human use into what German scholars call "Kulturlandschaft."Since the late 1990s, architects and landscape planners have been striving to improve urban environments, particularly in industrial areas plagued by deterioration and a lack of human interaction with nature.Schama's exploration spans diverse temporal and spatial dimensions, traversing not only through the works of artists and poets but also through the narratives of political figures.This shift underscores the importance of understanding the diverse spatial experiences and meanings attributed to landscapes to enhance their quality and significance(Jacobs, n.d.).Additionally, the importance of incorporating interactive elements into designs is highlighted, as seen with the water jets in Under Crystal that change patterns with the wind, enriching visitors' sensory experiences.Rivers like the Nile and the Rhine have been integral to cultural identities, rivaling forests in geographic importance.6 Discussion 

   The discussion on landscape experience, memory, and sensory geometry in landscape architecture highlights the deep connections between human perception, cultural structures, and environmental design.Simon Schama's exploration emphasizes how landscapes serve as repositories of collective memory, shaped by human interactions and historical narrative.The integration of ideas derived from philosophical inquiry into landscape experience with practical applications in urban design enriches our understanding of how landscapes affect human well-being and societal identity.By looking at memory, emotion and sensory engagement, professionals can create landscapes that not only maintain ecological balance, but also nurture deeper connections between individuals, communities and their environments.This view extends to humanity's historical interactions with water, where controlling it became vital for life, shaping myths and civilizations.This perspective underscores how human beliefs and myths shape landscapes, influencing how future generations perceive and interpret these environments.The article also discusses how landscape architecture can evoke positive emotions and empathy for the environment through the use of exotic plants and diverse terrain.He discusses how human imagination transforms mountains into cultural icons, asserting that such artifice represents a form of nature colonization.Schama's work underscores how landscapes are not merely physical entities but also cultural texts, read and interpreted across history, shaping our understanding of place and identity.This article focuses on the shift from merely designing natural spaces to creating sensory experiences in innovative and beneficial ways.The article underscores several key points, including the health and well-being impacts of advanced landscape designs, which aim to create spaces promoting relaxation and connection with nature.3.4 Engineering sensory experiences through landscape architecture.3.2 Emphasizing its human-centered definition and emotional dimensions.