3 Consecutive without notes (Ballester&Jimenez 1992:238) In this chapter your will learn how to use your memory in a number of different ways that will help you recall speeches you're trying to interpret.They are: what you already know narrative prompts visual prompts structural prompts logical prompts (latent memory) You'll also see how this technique can be combined with the techniques described in Chapter 1.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en To make a whole "speech"you now just need a bit more information abouta fewotherpartsoftheimage.Forexample,youcoulduse this information: Example 1 In the glass dome on roofthere are sensors, in the shape of lasers, radars and cameras. These detect objects and their sizes inalldirections atarange of60m. Software then classifies objects based on their size, shape and movement pattern. Each LIDAR radar system currently costs around USD 70,000. 2 Therounded shape ofthe car bodyand roofmaximize the field of view for the sensors on the roof-particularly for seeing objects very near the car. 3 Interior:designed for riding,not for driving.There is no steering wheel,pedals, gearstick, handbrake, and nothing on the dashboard. The computer: is housed under what would be the dashboard in a normal car. It's designed specifically for self-driving and assesses the speed of objects and adjusts the speed of the car accordingly. It also identifies objects based on their shape and reacts differently,for example to animals,people orvehicles. of the car accordingly. It also identifies objects based on theirshape and reacts differently, for example to animals,people orvehicles. The radars at the front of the car measure the distance to other objectsovertime.Inthis wayitcan calculate iftheyare moving and at what speed.They also gauge distances during parking manoevres. 5 The hub caps include sensors telling the computer how many timesthewheelhas turned,whichhelpscalculate,togetherwiththe GPS,how far the car has travelled.The car also processes distances so accurately that the car knows not only what street it's on but even what lane it'sin! 6 Electric batteries:provide power to the engine and are stored underneath the vehicle.Googleis currently workingon a way of recharging them wirelessly! EXERCISE 1 Give a speech as above with the image clearly visible to alllisteners. 2 Listeners listen,while looking at the image,and associate the information spoken to parts of the image. 3 Listeners give the speech back,usingtheimage as a promptto remind you of what was said. You will find using visual memory prompts is not only a great way to show yourselfthat your memory can work wonders under the right conditions, but that it is also particularly useful when you go out and work in the field. You may well be asked to interpret a speaker's explanations about a physical object, be it a car,a building, a machine or the view from where you're standing.It is enough, then, to associate parts of the speech to different parts of the visible object in your mind to recall it.Figures 3.3 and3.4are typical examples of the sort ofviews that speakers might decide to explain (in the form of a short speech to be interpreted) for their guests.The first is a picture-postcard view of a major city and the second is an industrial installation (an oil refinery). If a host suddenly decides to explain this sort of panorama, then the technique above can help you to remember the information given. At this stage,speeches that you give each other for practice should not require any particular topic preparation. The speeches should all be non-technical and therefore it is enough for the speaker to introduce thesubjectofthe speechand fortheothers to briefly brainstormabout it,to activate knowledge and language relating to it. Figure 3.3 Figure 3.4 44 45 Further practice When you're comfortable with the technique above,you can move on to the following variations on theexercise: INTERPRET FROM A PICTURE 2 Dothesameasintheexerciseabove,butwhenthe interpretercomesto interpret,remove the picture from view,or have theinterpretersitor stand in such a way that they can nolonger see the picture.They then have to imagine the picture as theyinterpret. INTERPRET FROM A PICTURE 3 Dothe same as above but arrange the room so that the interpreter cannot seethepictureonwhichthespeechisbasedeitherduringthespeechor during their interpreting. The interpreter must create an image in their mind's eye while the speaker is speaking. The power of creating individual images (as in the exercise "Interpret from a picture 3" above) has been mentioned briefly ininterpreting literature (Kremer 2005:791; Hoza 2016: 40), but it's by looking a little furtherafield that we can discover some extremely powerful techniques based on visual memory.If you find that this sort of memory technique works well for you,then turn to Appendix 2,"Visuallinking"atthe backofthe bookfora more detaileddescription of two memory techniques based on visualization which can be and have been applied to consecutive interpreting.Example "Theplacingofa baboon heart into the chest oflittle Baby Fae caused indignation in manyquarters. For some, who might safely be called eccentric,the concern was animal rights. Pickets outside Loma Linda University Medical Center and elsewhere protested the use of baboons as organ factories. Dr.Leonard Bailey,the chief surgeon,was not impressed. 'Iam a member ofthe human species', he said.'Human babies come first'.It was unapologetic speciesism. He did not even have to resort to sociology, to the argument thatin a society that eats beef, wears mink and has for some time been implanting pigs'valves in human hearts, the idea of weighing an animal's life equally against a human baby's is bizarre. Others were concerned less with the integrity ofthe donor than with the dignity of the recipient. At first, before Baby Fae's televised smile had beguiled skeptics, the word ghoulish was heard: some sacred barrier between species had been broken,some principle of separateness between man and animal violated.Indeed,it is a blow to man's idea of himself to think that a piece otiero wercconcerncacso wiuidiemtsnyorticaonortiun with the dignity of the recipient. At first, before Baby Fae's televised smile had beguiled skeptics, the word ghoulish was heard: some sacred barrier between species had been broken,some principle of separateness between man and animal violated.Indeed,it is a blow to man's idea of himself tothink that a piece of plastic or animal tissue may occupy the seat of the emotions and perform perfectly well (albeit as a pump). It is biological Galileism,andjustas humbling.Nevertheless it is a fact.Todeny itis sentimentality.And to deny life to a child in order to preserve thefiction ofman's biologicaluniquenessis simple cruelty".Narrative prompts Why is it that we can effortlessly recount the plot of a 90-minute film to a friend days or weeks afterwe sawit?Or recounta20-minute story we heard the dayor week before?Stories are easyto remember because one event generally leads causally to the next,so remembering any eventinthestorywillleadustorecall both what preceded orfollowed it.Wealso relate to and/orvisualize what's goingoninastory,which involves other parts ofour memory and reinforces recall.There are two good reasons whyusing this type of memory promptis a good idea heardthedayor weekbefore?Stories are easy to remember because one event generallyleads causally to the next,so remembering any eventinthestorywillleadustorecall both what preceded orfollowed it.Wealso relate to and/orvisualizewhat's goingoninastory,which involves other parts ofour memory and reinforces recall.There are two good reasons whyusing this type of memory prompt is a good idea for the student interpreter: 1 becauseyou can already do this!It's a tremendous honour to be here.