The Importance of Integrating Time with Equity and Rhythm in Urban Design Time as a Design Parameter: In traditional urban models, time is often treated as an abstract or secondary factor.Equity: From Abstract Concept to Design Tool Justice as a Measurable Design Metric: Urban justice is no longer a vague aspiration--it has become a measurable benchmark for quality in urban design.Understanding Local Rhythms: Designers must acknowledge local temporal patterns--such as prayer times, school hours, markets, and nightlife--in order to align facility schedules and service availability accordingly.Rhythm: The Dynamics of Urban Life Urban Rhythms as Complex Flows: Urban rhythm creates a dynamic system of daily workflows and behavioral patterns.Studies show that equitable temporal access to services is directly linked to quality of life, healthcare justice, and social inclusion.However, in chrono-urbanism, time becomes a tangible and designable dimension.?2.??3.?????4.